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Papgust's GMAT SENTENCE CORRECTION FLASHCARDS directory

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by truonghang297 » Mon Jul 05, 2010 6:22 pm
Great man, Papgust. I've learnt sth new from your post. Keep trying & u will be happier day to day bcz of your useful contribution for GMAT community.
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by Emeraldweapon » Tue Jul 06, 2010 11:15 am
papgust wrote:--[ IMPORTANT ]--

LIKE / AS RULE:

You make comparisons with LIKE when you compare nouns, or noun phrases (i.e., anything that doesn't have a VERB).
EXCEPTION:
Prepositional phrases take "As".
Note that there may be modifiers attached to these nouns. If there are, don't care. Modifiers are disposable.


You make comparisons with AS when you compare clauses (things that have real VERBS), or prepositional phrases.

NOTE: When you're deciding whether something is a clause or just a noun phrase, remember that -ING FORMS DO NOT COUNT AS VERBS (unless there's a helping verb attached to them).


Examples:
"Those babies are cute, like little pandas sliding down rainbows" -- CORRECT!
Note that:
* "sliding" is NOT a verb.
* "sliding down rainbows" is a modifier, and thus doesn't have to be considered in the grammar of the sentence.

"Those babies are cute, as are little pandas that slide down rainbows" -- CORRECT!
* "are" is a verb, so this is a clause.
* "that slide..." DOES NOT count, since it's part of a modifier.

"Those babies are cute, like little pandas that slide down rainbows" -- CORRECT!
* "little pandas" is a noun.
* "that slide..." DOES NOT count, since it's part of a modifier.

"Our family lives on a farm now, as in the 19th century." -- CORRECT! Prepositional phrases take "as"



Courtesy: Ron Purewal, GMAT Expert.
Hmm, papgust, can u take a look at this sentence:

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visble as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. (#14, SC-OG12)

I thought the underlined part is a noun phrase because we can rewrite that part like this: (correct me if I'm wrong)
"dark spots (that) are on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator"
However, you did say " You make comparisons with AS when you compare clauses (things that have real VERBS), or prepositional phrases". Can you explain why this rule is not true in this case?

Thanks :D
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by Emeraldweapon » Tue Jul 06, 2010 11:21 am
Emeraldweapon wrote:
Hmm, papgust, can u take a look at this sentence:

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visble as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. (#14, SC-OG12)

I thought the underlined part is a noun phrase because we can rewrite that part like this: (correct me if I'm wrong)
"dark spots (that) are on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator"
However, you did say " You make comparisons with AS when you compare clauses (things that have real VERBS), or prepositional phrases". Can you explain why this rule is not true in this case?

Thanks :D
Oops, I've got the reason right after my post lol :)) :">. Sorry 4 asking this silly question =.=

Still looking forward to your next post, papgust :D
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:25 am
"As a means to" is the CORRECT idiom.

Incorrect Idioms:
* "As a means of"
* "As a means for"


--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 60] <--
Last edited by papgust on Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:29 am, edited 1 time in total.
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:28 am
Both forms are correct -

"attributes X (an effect) to Y (a cause)" -- [Active Voice]

"X (an effect) is attributed by Y (a cause)" -- [Passive Voice]


Incorrect form:
"X is attributed as the cause of Y"

--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 67] <--
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:31 am
Subjunctive mood is required when a subordinate clause beginning with "that" follows a verb such as request, require, ask, or mandate.


--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 83] <--
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:32 am
Two clauses connected by a sub-ordinating conjunction such as "Although" - must be parallel including tenses.



--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 86] <--
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:33 am
"Limitations" is a countable quantity. So it must be modified by "FEWER" and NOT by "less".



--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 98] <--
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:35 am
"Just as X, so Y" is the CORRECT construction where X and Y must be grammatically PARALLEL elements.



--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 99] <--
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:36 am
"Aid" must be followed by the preposition "in" rather than by the infinitive "to X".



--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 106] <--
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:39 am
How to transform a participle to a NOUN form:


A participle such as "Splitting" could be transformed into a gerund (or Noun form) by adding an article such as "the" to precede the word "splitting". So, "The Splitting" now act as a noun rather than as a participle.



--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 117] <--
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by papgust » Wed Jul 07, 2010 6:41 am
"Claims":

The verb "claims" may be followed by one of the two correct constructions:

i. Claims "that" + Subordinate clause
ii. Claims + infinitive [E.g.: "Claims to be .. "]


Introducing a prepositional phrase between "Claims" and "that" is AWKWARD. Distorts the original meaning of the sentence.



--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 121] <--
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by truonghang297 » Wed Jul 07, 2010 8:16 pm
papgust wrote:"Aid" must be followed by the preposition "in" rather than by the infinitive "to X".



--> [Refer OG11, Qn. # 106] <--
Aid sb (w/o TO)
Eg: Eating saltwater fish may significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, according to three research studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

(A) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for
(B) be significant in reducing the risk of heart attacks and aid for
(C) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and aid
(D) cause a significant reduction in the risk of heart attacks and aid to
(E) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks as well as aiding

AID in + V-ing
EG: Among the objects found in the excavated temple weresmall terra-cotta effigies left by supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea's aid in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help.

(A) in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help
(B) in healing physical and mental ills and to thank her for helping
(C) in healing physical and mental ills, and thanking her for helping
(D) to heal physical and mental ills or to thank her for such help
(E) to heal physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help


Hope these examples help! :mrgreen:
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by yogesh garg » Wed Jul 07, 2010 10:31 pm
papgust wrote:Hello folks,

I'm not sure whether you guys are following the thread as there is no response or no interest shown by you.

Please let me know if i need to continue posting. Otherwise, i'll stop right here. It's a sheer waste of time if no one is getting benefited.
Hi Papgust,

Your Flashcards are really very helpful for preparation. It's a great initiative taken by you.
Please continue it and try to post as more as possible for you in a day.
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by papgust » Sun Jul 11, 2010 6:09 pm
Thanks Yogesh..! More flashcards to come.. Keep watching. :)
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