Sentence Correction

goelmohit2002 wrote:

abhasjha wrote:
The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.

(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and which differed
(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differed
(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing


the answer is E

Hi Abhasjha,

Thanks. I was confused between C and E here......can you please tell why the answer cannot be C here ?

abhasjha wrote: manhattan sentence correction guide , 3rd edition says ..... " parallel clauses should start with the same word ."

For example ,

1. I want to retire to a place where i can relax and where the taxes are low . (CORRECT )

I want to retire to a place where i can relax and that has low taxes .(INCORRECT)

2. A mastadon Carcass , which has been thawed only once and which is still fresh , is on display . (CORRECT)

A mastadon Carcass , thawed only once and which is still fresh , is on display . (INCORRECT )

in option C ..... which were determined ....... and differing .....
suffers from this error ...

option C should be written as which were determined and which were differing ..... to hold a fighting chance ......

Stacey Koprince wrote: The "comma -ing" part should be commenting on the preceding clause. The problem? The stuff preceding the comma is not a clause. "For the farmer (who takes care to keep them cool)" is just a noun followed by a noun modifier. So, we have to change the sentence somehow. (Plus, it makes it sound like the farmer is keeping them cool by giving them a certain kind of food and milking them... but that doesn't make a lot of sense...)

One way is to turn this into a list of three things:
"For the farmer who takes care to keep them (a) cool, (b) provided with high energy feed and (c) milked regularly, Holstein cows..."

For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool
For the farmer who takes care to keep them provided with high energy feed
For the farmer who takes care to keep them milked regularly

See the parallelism?

goelmohit2002 wrote:

abhasjha wrote: manhattan sentence correction guide , 3rd edition says ..... " parallel clauses should start with the same word ."

For example ,

1. I want to retire to a place where i can relax and where the taxes are low . (CORRECT )

I want to retire to a place where i can relax and that has low taxes .(INCORRECT)

2. A mastadon Carcass , which has been thawed only once and which is still fresh , is on display . (CORRECT)

A mastadon Carcass , thawed only once and which is still fresh , is on display . (INCORRECT )

in option C ..... which were determined ....... and differing .....
suffers from this error ...

option C should be written as which were determined and which were differing ..... to hold a fighting chance ......

Hi Abhas,

Can you please point me to the chapter/page of Manhtaan SC guide which says so...

IMO as far as I rememeber the following is the case....

#1. A mastadon Carcass , which has been thawed only once and which is still fresh , is on display . (CORRECT)

#2. A mastadon Carcass , thawed only once and which is still fresh , is on display . (INCORRECT )

#3. A mastadon Carcass , which has been thawed only once and is still fresh , is on display . (CORRECT )

Note that in #3 we are not repeating the which....and IMO it is still correct(which before "is" is implied)....the same is the case with option C.....which follows the same rule as sentence #3.....

IMO there must be someother reason to kick out option C in the question that you gave above.

Please tell if I am misinterpreting you or missing something here.

abhasjha wrote:Hi vineet ,

Let me clear your doubt .

The -ing form is used for DOING the action, which means SUBJECT, which means ACTIVE voice.

The -ed form is used for RECEIVING the action, which means OBJECT, which means PASSIVE voice.

Before I go further, let me offer two examples that will make things clearer as we go along:
� speaking person (the -ing form)
� spoken words (the -ed form)


Language variations originate from various ethnic and cultural heritages' ----> So 'originate' modifies the subject 'language variations'. So '-ing form' originating
'Geographic isolations perpetuate language variations' ---> So 'perpetuate' modifies the object 'language variations'. So '-ed form' perpetuated


An idea of how active sentences are converted into passive would also give you and idea as to how we can determine an object :

Let me give you an example :

Congress funded the clean up (active form) .

When written into passive form

The clean up was funded by congress .

The subject of the active sentence - �the congress � follows by phrase ( by congress) in the passive sentence .

This is a hint enough that if the sentence were written in the active form then congress would be subject and clean up the object .


In the question that you posted :

Language variations Perpetuated by geographic isolation

When converted into active :

Geographical isolation perpetuates language variation ��


So language variation acts as an object here and therefore should be in �ed form . that is perpetuated .


So option D is the correct choice .


In case you wish to solve a similar problem , here it goes ��.



The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer�s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.

(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer�s meridian and differing
(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer�s meridian and which differed
(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer�s meridian and differing
(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer�s meridian and differed
(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer�s meridian and differing


the answer is E

Stacey Koprince wrote:

Can you please look at the following link....looks like people are having different opinion....

https://www.beatthegmat.com/gerund-being ... tml#135844

Can you please tell what indeed is the case ?

So, yes, in a setup where you have a noun that is modifying a gerund, you could put that noun in the form of a possessiven noun (that is, turn it into an adjective) in order to modify the other noun (the gerund).

This is not wrong grammatically, necessarily. It's just almost always considered "awkward" by both the GMAT and most of our ears.

I really dislike the problem at the above link. On the real GMAT, I think the correct answer would have said something more like "Any allegations of John's involvement in..." as the real GMAT generally tries to avoid the "possessive noun + gerund" setup. (Not always, but most of the time - just like it mostly avoids using "being.")

That problem also makes the distinction in some choices of using the article "a" before the word "choice" and sometimes dropping the article. That also seems atypical of the GMAT to me.

I really, really would not study the problem at the above link.

goelmohit2002 wrote:

abhasjha wrote:
The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer?s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.

(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer?s meridian and differing
(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer?s meridian and which differed
(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer?s meridian and differing
(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer?s meridian and differed
(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer?s meridian and differing


the answer is E

Hi Abhasjha,

Thanks. I was confused between C and E here......can you please tell why the answer cannot be C here ?

vineetbatra wrote:Stacey,

Thanks for the clarfication, can you also please explain what role rising is playing in choice B, and what is wrong with D.

Thanks,

Vineet

Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit.

1) Same

2) rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive

3) a rise in interest rates make it more expensive to buy on credit

4) a rise in interest rates make buying on credit more expensive

5) a rise in interest rates makes it more expensive for them to be bought on credit

What is wrong with D, cna someone please explain.

scoobydooby wrote:D is wrong also because of subject-verb disagreement

(subject) a rise: singular; (verb) make: plural.