swerve wrote: ↑

Thu Apr 09, 2020 1:46 pm

What was the number of defective batteries in a shipment of 4000 batteries?

1) In a particular sample of 10 batteries selected from the shipment, 1 was defective.
2) In a particular sample of 100 batteries selected from the shipment, 3 was defective.

The OA is E

Source: GMAT Paper Tests

Target question: What was the number of defective batteries in a shipment of 4000 batteries?

Statement 1: In a particular sample of 10 batteries selected from the shipment, 1 was defective.
Don't make the mistake of assuming that this means 1/10 of ALL batteries are defective. There's no reason to assume this.
There are several scenarios that satisfy statement 1. Here are two:
Case a: There's 1 defective battery in the 10-battery sample, and 0 defective batteries in the remaining 3990 batteries. In this case, the answer to the target question is there's ONE defective battery in the shipment of 4000 batteries
Case b: There's 1 defective battery in the 10-battery sample, and 2 defective batteries in the remaining 3990 batteries. In this case, the answer to the target question is there are THREE defective batteries in the shipment of 4000 batteries
Since we cannot answer the target question with certainty, statement 1 is NOT SUFFICIENT

Statement 2: In a particular sample of 100 batteries selected from the shipment, 3 were defective.
There are several scenarios that satisfy statement 2. Here are two:
Case a: There are 3 defective batteries in the 100-battery sample, and 0 defective batteries in the remaining 3900 batteries. In this case, the answer to the target question is there are THREE defective batteries in the shipment of 4000 batteries
Case b: There are 3 defective batteries in the 100-battery sample, and 2 defective batteries in the remaining 3900 batteries. In this case, the answer to the target question is there are FIVE defective batteries in the shipment of 4000 batteries
Since we cannot answer the target question with certainty, statement 2 is NOT SUFFICIENT

Statements 1 and 2 combined
There are several scenarios that satisfy BOTH statements. Here are two:
Case a: 1 defective battery in 1st sample, 3 defective batteries in 2nd sample, and 0 defective batteries in the remaining 3890 batteries. In this case, the answer to the target question is there are FOUR defective batteries in the shipment of 4000 batteries
Case b: 1 defective battery in 1st sample, 3 defective batteries in 2nd sample, and 4 defective batteries in the remaining 3890 batteries. In this case, the answer to the target question is there are EIGHT defective batteries in the shipment of 4000 batteries
Since we cannot answer the target question with certainty, the combined statements are NOT SUFFICIENT

Answer: E

Cheers,
Brent