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when do we repeat a preposition? RON, PLS, HELP

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by tanviet » Thu Jun 24, 2010 12:58 am
By providing such services as mortgages, home improvement loans, automobile loans,// financial advice, and staying //within the metropolitan areas, Acme Bank has become one of the most profitable savings banks in the nation.

A- financial advice, and staying
B- financial advice, and by staying
C- and financial advice, staying
D- and financial advice, and staying
E- and financial advice, and by staying

This question is already dicussed but not finished

why we need to repeat "by" in E.The reason is that distance between PROVIDING and STAYING is far. If the distance is short, we do not need to repeat BY as in D

I heard RON sais this one time in this forum. Is that right?
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by papgust » Thu Jun 24, 2010 1:13 am
You are repeating "by" to maintain parallelism.

"By providing such services ... and by staying ...., Acme Bank ..."
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by hardik.jadeja » Thu Jun 24, 2010 1:14 am
The sentence structure is something like this

By providing X and staying within the metropolitan areas, Acme Bank has become one of the most profitable savings banks in the nation.

"and" in the above sentence is used as Parallel connector. So both underlined parts need to be parallel. "By providing X" and "staying within the metropolitan areas" arent parallel. "By providing X" and "by staying within the metropolitan areas" are parallel. Observe the following sentence.

By providing X and by staying within the metropolitan areas, Acme Bank has become one of the most profitable savings banks in the nation.

X in the above sentence is a list of services: mortgages, home improvement loans, automobile loans, financial advice

When we are dealing with such lists, we need to put either "and" or "or" before the final element of the list.

Eg: mortgages, home improvement loans, automobile loans and financial advice

Both these conditions are satisfied in E.

Hope that helps..
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by tanviet » Thu Jun 24, 2010 9:06 pm
BY PROVIDING AND STAYING is already parallel. D is wrong because PROVIDING and STAYING is far from each other. both D and E is parallel. But we need to repeat BY in E because of long distance between PROVIDING and STAYING. I wan RON to confirm this.

Please, read my idea careful

TO READ AND SPEAK ENGLISH IS GOOD is already parallel
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