Verb tense - Past perfect

karthikpandian19 wrote:24. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

I don't think past perfect tense is required here.

IMO E

IMO: E

karthikpandian19 wrote:24. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.

Rather than vs Instead of
Rather than: Used to show preference.
Instead of : Replace

In this question rather than is correct. B and C are out.
X rather than y. here X and Y should be parallel. "Many doctors" requires plural verb "have".
Hence E is correct.

(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

Why not "D", as facing is parallel withe the rising ????

bubbliiiiiiii wrote:

karthikpandian19 wrote:24. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

I don't think past perfect tense is required here.

IMO E

karthikpandian19 wrote:Why not "D", as facing is parallel withe the rising ????

bubbliiiiiiii wrote:

karthikpandian19 wrote:24. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

I don't think past perfect tense is required here.

IMO E

First - past perfect is not suited here since the sentence is not conveying one past action before the other
Second - in D, facing is not verb, rather noun and thus is parallel to 'threats'
face (verb) is used for both threats(noun) and rising(noun)

Still not clear with the explanation:

Can any GMAT experts provide explanation for this : Why not "D", as "facing" is parallel with the "rising" ????

karthikpandian19 wrote:Why not "D", as facing is parallel withe the rising ????

bubbliiiiiiii wrote:

karthikpandian19 wrote:24. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

I don't think past perfect tense is required here.

IMO E

to retire is not parallel with facing

Rising is an adjective used to modify "costs," so we don't have to worry about it being parallel to "to retire" and "(to) face."