E should be the answer.

me confused between A and E even after 4 minutes

E is the answer because of proper tense i.e have yielded and arose and one more thing is the use of evidence that which is more correct use than evidence for............

aspirant2010 wrote:E is the answer because of proper tense i.e have yielded and arose and one more thing is the use of evidence that which is more correct use than evidence for............

OA is E...but why it can't be D?

IMO E:
D can't be answer

bcoz

[The first trenches ...yields ] violates subject -verb agreement.

The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.
21
A. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but
B. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but also
C. having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but
D. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also
E. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but

A. wrong idiom
B. S-V does not agree
C. I personally fing this stucture awkward and it was missing the idiom: simultaneously with but independent of
D.S-V does not agree and it also misses the idiom simultaneously with but independent of
E. this is correct because S-V agrees, and it got all the idiomatic forms right