richachampion wrote:The principal feature of the redesigned checks is a series of printed instructions that the company hopes will help merchants confirm a check's authenticity, which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view the watermark while holding the check to the light.

A. which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view
B. which include reminders for watching the endorsement, to compare signatures and view
C. by including reminders for watching the endorsement, comparing signatures, and viewing
D. including reminders to watch the endorsement, comparing signatures and viewing
E. including reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view

OA: E

Citation: Mitch Hunt's Response

this is hard. choice C is wrong simply because comma can not stand before by doing.
regarding choice e.
the ending phrase " including reminders...." can not refer to "instruction that" because it is too far from "instruction that". the ending phrase must refer/modifies the whole clause " that help merchants". the ending phrase is "doing as participle phrase" not as a preposition. yes, "including " in choice e is not a preposition, but a participle phrase.

doing at the end of a sentence containing 2 clause can modify either of the 2 preceding clauses.

this means that if there is no comma before "by including", choice C is correct. we can not say that "by including' necessarily refer to "merchant confirm" grammatically and, so, is wrong logically.

if i am correct and " comma+by+doing" is wrong, I can say thaty
by+doing= comma+doing
both phrase can be used to show how the main action can be done by another action.

Can you pls mention why C is wrong