Please provide me explanation with these question
1. Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthanls appear as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environment led to their extinction.
a) appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths
b) appear as equipped for faceing any obstacle the environment could put in their paths
2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the united states reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes
a) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
In Question 1, i am confused why "to have been" is used. What is the meaning difference between original choice and option a
Similarly in question 2, what is the meaning of both the option. Why "had been" is wrong. How nd when to used "had been"
Thanks
1. Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthanls appear as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environment led to their extinction.
a) appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths
b) appear as equipped for faceing any obstacle the environment could put in their paths
2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the united states reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes
a) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
In Question 1, i am confused why "to have been" is used. What is the meaning difference between original choice and option a
Similarly in question 2, what is the meaning of both the option. Why "had been" is wrong. How nd when to used "had been"
Thanks
