Any experts can tell me whether "having done" can be a noun modifier?

Hi, e-GMAT and Salman Ghaffar

Thanks very much for your great explanations!!

Prior to 1965 geologists assumed.

Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat Line through friction as they grind past each (5) other, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected. Some geologists ...

Zinc lozenges

Though sucking zinc lozenges has been promoted as a treatment for the common cold, research has revealed no consistent effect. Recently, however, a zinc gel applied nasally has been shown to greatly reduce the duration of colds. Since the gel contains zinc in the same form and concentration as the l...

This is a classic question for vertical elimination. Scan the first words of the answer choices: "with none of" vs. "without". "Without" wins the conciseness category, but both mean the same and are grammatically correct, so we leave this detail to help us decide betwe...

Fat of animals

According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is good for cardiac health. A. wild animals have less total fat than do lives...

with, without, nor, or... Hope experts can explain..

In the early part of the twentieth century, many vacationers found that driving automobiles and sleeping in tents allowed them to enjoy nature close at hand and tour at their own pace, with none of the restrictions of passenger trains and railroad timetables or with the formalities, expenses, and im...

Hi, beat_gmat_09

The OA is E

I don't understand why E is correct, and I even cannot understand what the role does "in recognition of their outstanding bravery" play in the sentense. Is that an adv modifier or noun modifier? Hope experts can make some explanations.