Can someone please explain the rule for the following.

With surface temperature estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.

a) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with
b) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its
c) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life and has
d) Europa, long considered far too cold to support life, and its
e) Europa, long considered far too cold to support life, and to have

OA:B