Recently some scientists have concluded that meteorites found on Earth and long believed to have a Martian origin might actually have been blasted free of Mars's gravity by the impact on Mars of other meteorites. This conclusion has led to another question: whether meteorite impacts on Earth have similarly driven rocks from this planet to Mars.
According to astronomer S.A. Phinney, kicking a rock hard enough to free it from Earth's gravity would require a meteorite capable of making a crater more than 60 miles across. Moreover, even if Earth rocks were freed by meteorite impact, Mars's orbit is much larger than earth's so Phinney estimates that the probability of these rocks hitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars's rocks hitting Earth. To demonstrate this estimate, Phinney used a computer to calculate where 1,000 hypothetical particles would go if ejected from Earth in random directions. He found that 17 of the 1,000 particles would hit Mars.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
A. Presenting an argument to support a particular hypothesis
B. Suggesting an answer to a theoretical question
C. Questioning the assumptions of a research project
D. Criticizing experimental results
E. Explaining the origin of certain scientific data
Would you please explain why A is incorrect?
2. The passage suggests that which of the following is true concerning the probability that a rock, if ejected from Mars, will hit the Earth?
A. The probability is increased when particles are ejected from Mars in random directions.
B. The probability is increased by the presence of large cratersvon the surface of Mars.
C. The probability is decreased when Mars's orbit brings the planet close to Earth.
D. The probability is greater than the probability that a rock from Earth will hit Mars.
E. The probability is less than the probability that a rock from Earth will escape Earth's gravity.
Would you please explain why E is incorrect?
According to astronomer S.A. Phinney, kicking a rock hard enough to free it from Earth's gravity would require a meteorite capable of making a crater more than 60 miles across. Moreover, even if Earth rocks were freed by meteorite impact, Mars's orbit is much larger than earth's so Phinney estimates that the probability of these rocks hitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars's rocks hitting Earth. To demonstrate this estimate, Phinney used a computer to calculate where 1,000 hypothetical particles would go if ejected from Earth in random directions. He found that 17 of the 1,000 particles would hit Mars.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
A. Presenting an argument to support a particular hypothesis
B. Suggesting an answer to a theoretical question
C. Questioning the assumptions of a research project
D. Criticizing experimental results
E. Explaining the origin of certain scientific data
Would you please explain why A is incorrect?
2. The passage suggests that which of the following is true concerning the probability that a rock, if ejected from Mars, will hit the Earth?
A. The probability is increased when particles are ejected from Mars in random directions.
B. The probability is increased by the presence of large cratersvon the surface of Mars.
C. The probability is decreased when Mars's orbit brings the planet close to Earth.
D. The probability is greater than the probability that a rock from Earth will hit Mars.
E. The probability is less than the probability that a rock from Earth will escape Earth's gravity.
Would you please explain why E is incorrect?
