Of all the options, IMO A is better.

C& D are wrong. "an increase" modifies "years".

actually the OA is C/D.

A and B have "amounting...", which is an adverbial modifier, should modify the entire previous clause and should modify the subject of the previous clause. It 's not clear whether it modifies "one manufacturer has announced..." or "it modifies the increase...".

Even i picked A.

umaa wrote:Of all the options, IMO A is better.

C& D are wrong. "an increase" modifies "years".

Then, it should be D. C is definitely wrong!!

I'm not sure why "an increase" is not modifying "years" in D. Any explanation?

pandeyvineet24 wrote:One manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing the first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger vehicle in almost two decades.

(a) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing
(b) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and it would represent
(c) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and it would represent
(d) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and would represent
(e) which is an increase amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, representing

Are C and D valid contenders for the right answer ? Aren't they run on sentences ?

Yes very much there is some animal called appositives, side by side nouns, later describing earlier, e.g., Bush, the president. an increase ... is just working in a similar manner, an whole clause doing similar work.

it in C is ntrusive and un-necessary while D is fine, as an increase that would amount...and would represent... so D should be oa.

maihuna,In D If the clause starting with ",an increase" is an appositive then should it describe the noun preceding it. but what does "an increase modify" ? entire previous clause starting with "one manufacturer has announced....." or "increase in the average fuel efficiency..."?

i am not sure if you said yes to the "run on" sentences ? Isn't D a run on? the clause before the comma and after the comma have a subject and a verb of their own.

OA is D.

maihuna wrote:

pandeyvineet24 wrote:One manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing the first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger vehicle in almost two decades.

(a) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing
(b) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and it would represent
(c) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and it would represent
(d) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and would represent
(e) which is an increase amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, representing

Are C and D valid contenders for the right answer ? Aren't they run on sentences ?

Yes very much there is some animal called appositives, side by side nouns, later describing earlier, e.g., Bush, the president. an increase ... is just working in a similar manner, an whole clause doing similar work.

it in C is ntrusive and un-necessary while D is fine, as an increase that would amount...and would represent... so D should be oa.

pandeyvineet24 wrote:actually the OA is C/D.

A and B have "amounting...", which is an adverbial modifier, should modify the entire previous clause and should modify the subject of the previous clause. It 's not clear whether it modifies "one manufacturer has announced..." or "it modifies the increase...".

Even i picked A.

umaa wrote:Of all the options, IMO A is better.

C& D are wrong. "an increase" modifies "years".

Tne manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing......
Plans dont amount to five miles per gallon ,its the increase that amounts to five miles per gallon .
Hope that makes sense

That's almost a tough call between D and C. Yet, D seems to be more close.

IMO D.

C cant be the option. Becox reference of " it" in C is unclear.

One manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing the first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger vehicle in almost two decades.

(a) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing
(b) amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and it would represent
(c) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and it would represent
(d) an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and would represent
(e) which is an increase amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, representing

I would love to have a choice with minimal usage of that, them, they, their, which, it, its - because multiple use of them always lead to ambiguity.

a- present continuous usage - so out
b- it causes ambiguity <manufacturer or an increase>
c- that and it used together and again causing ambiguity <manufacturer or an increase>
(d) group modifer -- D is right Choice.
an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and would represent -
first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger vehicle in almost two decades.
here the 1st part is modifying the following adjacent part correctly.
(e) which is an increase amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, representing ->unnecessary use of which