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by bhumika.k.shah » Sat Feb 27, 2010 7:00 am
The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans
could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increasing the pressure on
multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.

(A) increasing the pressure
(B) the increasing pressure
(C) increased pressure
(D) the pressure increased
(E) the pressure increasing

Whats wrong in B. i couldnt quite understand the explanation provided in OG 10th edition.
wouldnt C be wrong coz of incorrect tenses ? since its saying could mean... = future
increased pressure = past tense
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by miachi » Sat Feb 27, 2010 7:20 am
"increased" is an adjective
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by Rajat Khandelwal » Sat Feb 27, 2010 10:14 am
in option B...the increasing pressure

increasing is the modifier of noun, pressure . It indicates that quality of being increasing exists at the moment or it is concurrent with the main action verb . But it is not so. As it refers to the future tense...

Hence it is wrong.

But why increased pressure ? "increased" refers to the action completed in past.
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by firdaus117 » Sat Feb 27, 2010 10:21 am
Rajat Khandelwal wrote:in option B...the increasing pressure

increasing is the modifier of noun, pressure . It indicates that quality of being increasing exists at the moment or it is concurrent with the main action verb . But it is not so. As it refers to the future tense...

Hence it is wrong.

But why increased pressure ? "increased" refers to the action completed in past.
"increased" here is a verbal.A verbal is the form of a verb used as a noun, adjective or adverb.

Identifying verbals can be somewhat tricky. While verbals are forms of verbs, they are NOT the action associated with the subject. In other words, they are not verbs.The verbal is of three types:
1.Gerunds are forms of the verb that function as nouns. They always end in "ing."
2.Participles are forms of the verb that function as adjectives. They can end in "ed," "en," or "ing."
3.Infinitives are forms of the verb that may acts as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. They include "to" plus the base form of the verb, as in "to run."
So,in above sentence,"increased" is a participle. :)
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by Rajat Khandelwal » Sat Feb 27, 2010 10:30 am
If this is so...then why " the increasing pressure " is wrong..? increasing is also a verbal , present participle...
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by viidyasagar » Sat Feb 27, 2010 10:55 am
wouldn't C be wrong coz of incorrect tenses ? since its saying could mean... = future, increased pressure = past tense
Simple answer....replace "increased" with "high" and u'll know that increased is just an adjective as "miachi" rightly pointed out.

Increased doesn't always indicate past tense. how about

1. The pressure had increased by x N/m square

2. The pressure has increased by x N/ m square

Your example is a classic case of an intransitive verb used as a participial adjective. Such words generally precede nouns.

For e.g. developed countries, a retired army major, advanced medical studies.....
If this is so...then why " the increasing pressure " is wrong..? increasing is also a verbal , present participle...


B is poor English and it Violates parallelism!!!

the sentence has a simple structure....The decision could mean A (noun) and B (noun)...everything else is placed to confuse us.

hence simple way to check parallelism is to judge whether "the decision could mean A" and "the decision could mean B" are parallel.

If i said....."The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean the increasing pressure on multi government lenders to supply the funds" then the sentence is awful to say the least.

Don't you agree??
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by Rajat Khandelwal » Sat Feb 27, 2010 11:30 am
@Vidyasagar...good point..

But past participle is used to indicate action prior to that of the main verb .

And present participle is used to indicate action occurring at the same time as the action of the main verb.

increased pressure , here increased is past participle...

But u have said that,,...

Increased doesn't always indicate past tense. how about

1. The pressure had increased by x N/m square

2. The pressure has increased by x N/ m square

Your example is a classic case of an intransitive verb used as a participial adjective. Such words generally precede nouns.

For e.g. developed countries, a retired army major, advanced medical studies.....
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by firdaus117 » Sat Feb 27, 2010 11:53 am
This statement has two parts:
1.The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries.
2.The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean (the increasing pressure/increased pressure) on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
Doesn't it sound horrible?:The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean the increasing pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean increased pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
On the other hand,option A
The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean increasing the pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
In first part,it is "less lending" which is actually of (adj+noun) form but increasing the pressure would mean verb+noun form resulting into non-parallelism.Hence,it is wrong.
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by Rajat Khandelwal » Sat Feb 27, 2010 11:36 pm
But here increased pressure means....a pressure that has increased(active past participle).....That means the active action is completed..But sentence says...

The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean increased pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.

But as the sentence says.....the action of the active past participle could occur in future.
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by tomada » Tue Mar 23, 2010 12:07 pm
By the way, what's the OA ?
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by bhumika.k.shah » Tue Mar 23, 2010 8:48 pm
OA C
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by tomada » Tue Mar 23, 2010 8:56 pm
Thank you, Bhumika.
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by nervesofsteel » Thu Mar 25, 2010 2:05 am
less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increasing the pressure on

increased pressure..

I believe there is an issue of parallelism of verbs...

less is not parallel to increasing....
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