Well, I'm not sure how you solved it, but here's what I did.
First, we have to solve for "a", so we have to plug in what we know: we know that the coffee was 120 degrees after 10 minutes, so:
120=120(2^-10a)+60
We can solve for a there and find that a=.1.
Now that we know "a", we can create a new equation to solve for the temperature after 30 minutes:
F=120(2^(30*.1))+60
Now we can solve for F, which would = 75.
Let me know if you want more details re: how to do the calculations - it's hard to type them out! I agree that this problem is pretty time consuming and I don't see much of a shortcut at first glance...
Jim S. | GMAT Instructor | Veritas Prep