Information is the essence of universe and means distinction between things. It is the very basic principle of physics that distinctions never disappear even though they might get scrambled or mixed away even after a seemingly irreversible change – say a magazine gets dissolved into pulp at a recycling plan, the information on the pages of the magazines will be re-organized and not eliminated and in theory the decay can be reversed; the pulp reconstructed into words and photographs. The only exception to this principle in physics is if the magazine were thrown into a black hole, a singular object in this regard, since nothing can emerge out of it after all. Even after Stephen Hawking showed in 1975 that black holes can radiate away matter and energy, the radiation seemed devoid of any structure, indicating that all information is lost in a black hole – a conclusion that has been hotly contested by physicists all over the world who argue that the entire structure of theoretical physics will disintegrate once you accept the notion that information can be lost, even if in a black hole.

Even though Hawking was not easily convinced, the physicists adopted a new theory called the holograph principle that states that when an object falls inside a black hole the stuff inside it may be lost but the objects information may be imprinted on the surface of black hole and with the right tools you may reconstruct the magazine from the black hole just as you would have reconstructed it from the pulp. This principle which may sound like an accounting trick has some serious implications if true. It implies that all information about 3 dimensional objects is stored in 2 dimensions and that there is a limit to how much information can be stored on a given surface area. While this theory plugs a key gap in Hawkins assertion its corollaries spring some interesting implications that may have a tough time standing up to the scrutiny.

1.According to the passage, prior to 1975 it was believed that black holes were unique because:

A.They had the ability to absorb and incinerate everything.
B.They could cause changes that were not easily reversible.
C.Once an object goes inside the black hole, it is impossible to extract and reconstruct it.
D.Their existence was hotly contested by physicists all over the world.
E. No one had actually detected a black hole.

The OA is C

2.Why does the author imply that the holographic principle “may sound like an accounting trick”?

A.Because it was added as an afterthought or compensation to ensure that laws of theoretical physics don’t fall apart.
B.Because it was added by scientists who worked more like accountants rather than scientists.
C.Because Stephen Hawking who proved that black holes radiate was not entirely convinced.
D.Because it puts a limit on how much information can be stored on the surface of a black hole.
E.Because it does not seem likely that information about a 3-dimensional object can be stored in 2 dimensions.

The OA is A

3.Which of the following best describes author’s feelings regarding Holograph principle?

A.One of relief.
B.One of despair.
C.One of skepticism.
D.One of joy.
E.One of frustration.

The OA is C

4.According to the passage, the hotly contested debate about black holes was:

A.whether black holes radiate or not.
B.how easy is it to reconstruct an object that has fallen in a black hole.
C.what are the tools required to reconstruct an object that has fallen in a black hole.
D.whether an object’s information when it falls in a black hole is lost to an extent that the object can never be reconstructed.
E.whether the information about an object falling in the black hole is stripped out during the fall.

The OA is D