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How to use "that"

Expert replies
by Jadeyue » Thu Oct 18, 2012 1:58 pm
Could anyone help me with the question below?

Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.

(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used
(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this
(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use
(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants emit low-frequency sounds they may use
(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads, low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used

The correct answer is C. I believe "that" is for modifying essential clauses.There is no comma before "that".

Many thanks.
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Source: — Sentence Correction |

by Kasia@EconomistGMAT » Wed Oct 24, 2012 7:47 am
This sentence is quite tricky because the comma in C does not concern the essential relative clause but the modifier which is placed between the main clause and the essential clause.

Elephants emit low-frequency sounds (THE MAIN CLAUSE), believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads (a modifier referring to "low-frequency sounds"), that they may use as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd (THE ESSENTIAL RELATIVE CLAUSE).
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by B166418 » Sun Oct 28, 2012 3:32 am
Hi,
I have doubt on option c
I guess main clause should be preceded by modifier , which is not in this case
so it sounds like Elephants also emit "believed to originate........foreheads"

please advice.
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by Kasia@EconomistGMAT » Thu Nov 01, 2012 3:53 am
I am not sure whether I understand your question. Could you please be more precise and give examples?
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