"an overwhelming proportion of women" => plural subject
work => plural verb
In Hungary, as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in middle management and light industry.
A. as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in
=> "which" cannot refer to human
B. as with much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, many in
=>"with" -> incorrect; "many in " -> incomplete
C. as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of them in
=>"as in" correct; "many of them" correct
We need countable "many"
D. like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, and many are
=>"like" not required
E. like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many are in
=>"like" not required; run on sentence