E is correct because
- correct parallelism structure (systematic hunters rather than mere scavengers),
- correct subject-verb agreeement (the new image......has...)
- 'which' correctly modifies 'tools'

Skywalker wrote:Why is the [spoiler]OA = option 5[/spoiler] here ? Pls let me know.

Hi Ashok,

The only thing that separates option 4 & 5 is "which includes" and " including". Since option 5 is correct, "including" takes precedence over " which includes". WHY ?

This is what I am trying to understand......since more often than not the option with "ing" is not the preffered one in SC.

thanks

@Skywalker,

Correct! "ing" is generally not preferred in SC. Sorry I am also not sure why "including" takes precedence over " which includes".

Skywalker wrote:Hi Ashok,

The only thing that separates option 4 & 5 is "which includes" and " including". Since option 5 is correct, "including" takes precedence over " which includes". WHY ?

This is what I am trying to understand......since more often than not the option with "ing" is not the preffered one in SC.

thanks

Its not just about the preference. "including" is used in reference to tools.
So you can't say "tools which includes"
"tools which include" would have still been right but there s no such option here...Thats why we go with including.

ashokkadam wrote:@Skywalker,

Correct! "ing" is generally not preferred in SC. Sorry I am also not sure why "including" takes precedence over " which includes".

Skywalker wrote:Hi Ashok,

The only thing that separates option 4 & 5 is "which includes" and " including". Since option 5 is correct, "including" takes precedence over " which includes". WHY ?

This is what I am trying to understand......since more often than not the option with "ing" is not the preffered one in SC.

thanks

The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be above 400,000 years old.

A
B. as mere scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include
C. as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes
D. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
E. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

The issues:

The new image of SA as X, rather than Y, HAS-----

--> This kills A and B.

NOUN + THAT--that modifies the NOUN immediately before it.
--> C wrongly means that Germany includes 3 spears. OUT

Comma +which--which refers to the immediately preceding NOUN, here Germany.

--> This also wrongly means Germany includes 3 spears. OUT.

Answer is E.

NOTE: Yes, there is a new thing to learn from this sentence. COMMA + Verbing usually modifies "NOUN +VERN", but in this sentence it modifies the NOUN tools. I have seen another example from GMATPREP in which "COMMA + VERBING" has modified the NOUN.

The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be above 400,000 years old.

A
B. as mere scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include
C. as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes
D. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
E. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

Removed A,B and C.

Left with D and E. The end result has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be above 400,000 years old.

IMO it is E.

Can someone send the correct answer please?