In this sentence, the writer says that "the process through which sun produces heat and light" is known as "fusion" and scientist have studied the process and attempted to mimic it.

Option A - Correct
The correct modifier is modifying correctly so as to identify the subject in the two clauses. It also employs the use of an active voice to show the subject.

Option B - Incorrect
The modifier doesn't modify the correct subject "fusion". It modifies "heat and light" as the process.

Option C - Incorrect
This sentence is written in a passive voice which makes it difficult for the subject to be identified.

Option D - Incorrect
This is wrong because when inserted in the sentence, it makes it seem like the "sun uses heat and light" which doesn't show a connection to the process "fusion". Also, the second part of the sentence, "the sun and light some of whom have attempted" say the sun and light have attempted something which is wrong because only the scientists have attempted something.

Option E - Incorrect
This has the same issue as option D.