(i)
The Federalist papers, a strong defense of the US constitution and important as a body
of work in political science as well, represents the handiwork of three different authors.

a. and important as a body of work in political science as well, represents
b. as well as an important body of work in political science, represent
c. and also a body of work of importance in political science is representing
d. an important body of work in political science and has been representative of
e. and as political science an important body of work too, represent
OA is B..
(2)
The Sports Medicine Programs of the Olympic Training Center, a complex where final try outs are held for athletes representing the US in the Olympics, is geared toward enhancing athletes' performance and toward their preparation for international competition.
A.) is geared toward enhancing athletes' performance and toward their preparation
B.) is geared to enhance the performance of athletes and to prepare them
C.) are geared to enhance athletes performance and their preparation
D.) are geared toward the enhancement of athletes' performance and toward preparing them
E.) are geared toward enhancing the performance of athletes and preparing them

OA is E.

What is the difference between capitalization and non-capitalization as it affects "papers" and "Programs" in both questions. I mean if "Federalist papers" had been "Federalist Papers" does it change the tense?

Please I appreciate your contributions.