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Fatality percentages for road accidents involving motorized

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by BTGmoderatorDC » Tue Feb 26, 2019 10:11 pm
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Fatality percentages for road accidents involving motorized two-wheelers are higher than those involving four-wheelers yet lower than those involving non-motorized two wheelers. However, since the number of accidents involving non-motorized two-wheelers is so small, legislation around this form of transport is not crucial at this time. Therefore, the road safety association's proposal to alter the legislation so that it ceases to allow motorized two-wheelers the use of public roads will lead to an drastic decline in the overall number of fatal accidents.

Which of the following casts the most doubt on the possible success of the road safety association's proposal?

A. While manufacturers are constantly developing safety features that regular four-wheelers are then fitted with, these features, often becoming international industry standards, can almost never be applied to motorized two-wheelers.

B. Fatality percentages for accidents involving non-motorized two-wheelers can easily be reduced since in a large number of such cases, victims were not wearing the appropriate safety gear while it has been proven that such gear can reduce the risk of death by up to 80%.

C. The overall number of fatal accidents can be reduced greatly by improving the surfaces and organization of the actual roads, thereby providing conditions that are safer for the drivers of all types of vehicles.

D. Passing a law that prevents the use of motorized two-wheelers on public roads will encourage the use of such vehicles for recreational purposes which, due to the lower speeds and reduced interaction with of four-wheeled vehicles, will probably not yield high fatality numbers.

E. Since most of the commuters that use motorized two-wheelers do so because they cannot afford the use of four-wheelers, if such a law would be passed, these commuters would begin to use non-motorized two-wheelers.

OA E

Source: Economist Gmat
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Source: — Critical Reasoning |

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by jpcameron17 » Wed Feb 27, 2019 7:48 am
This question requires us to weaken the assumption made between our conclusion and premise.

Conclusion: The road safety association's proposal to alter the legislation so that it ceases to allow motorized two-wheelers the use of public roads will lead to an drastic decline in the overall number of fatal accidents.

Premise: Fatality percentages for road accidents involving motorized two-wheelers are higher than those involving four-wheelers yet lower than those involving non-motorized two wheelers.

Assumptions:
1. That the number of motorized two-wheelers fatalities represents a significant proportion of the overall number of fatalities.
2. That the change in legislation will not cause riders of motorized two-wheelers to shift to non-motorized two-wheelers instead.

Anything that invalidates or weakens either of these assumptions would therefore be the answer.

(A) This application of new safety standards is irrelevant to knowing whether the legislation will produce the desired outcome.

(B) This is again not relevant to the effectiveness of the legislation to reduce fatalities.

(C) This describes a means to reduce overall fatalities, not whether the legislation will have an effect. It is therefore irrelevant.

(D) This neither strengthens nor weakens the argument, since we do not know whether the overall use of motorized two-wheelers is reduced. Although it states that the recreational use of motorized two-wheelers is increased, we haven't been given any information on the decline in the non-recreational use of motorized two-wheelers.

(E) This invalidates one of the assumptions necessary for our conclusion to follow from the give premise, and thus weakens the argument.

Thus the answer is (E).
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