helluva question. Not the ones I want to see. I picked E NOT because I solved it but because I arrived by POE & the nature of imply Question

Where is this Q from?

Imply or Inference Q's will have the best general answer.

POE for me

(A) is out of scope, we are not talking about differences between up and down and whether they are Universal or not

(B) There is no indication that all societies use up and down. It is attractive answer, but watch out for the word all

(C) merely re states the premise and is an attractive choice. But changes the word from recognition to unique belief. There is a diff between Unique belief and recognition

(D) Its not about left and right and its strong in language

(E) looks like the one with out any kinks and implies that recognition of ups and downs is common to all societies.

I will go with B.

If we denied statment B we would have "the concepts of ‘up’ and ‘down’ are NOT used by all societies to define the world around them" then the argument is weakend letting the original statment acts as a argument's strenghter.

If you read the stimulus again, it says no society fails to recognize the difference between ups and downs.

Don't you think its a bit of a stretch to say all societies use ups and downs to define the world around them?

chidcguy wrote:If you read the stimulus again, it says no society fails to recognize the difference between ups and downs.

Don't you think its a bit of a stretch to say all societies use ups and downs to define the world around them?

doesn't matter if its a stretch or not, if its stated we can take it as true.

To me, the difference between choice B & E is that B is talking about 'all societies use up & down to defined the world around them', which is out of the scope of the question/passage. If instead B said something more like 'all societies recognize up & down as spatial arrangements.' then it'd be the best choice (even more so than E, because its a case of E that is more specific to the passage and hence implied more clearly).

In E, 'there are some concepts that are common to all known societies' is the generalization of whats implied in the passage, that 'up and down are spatial arrangement concepts common in all societies'

Imply or infer question require you to infer as little as possible. So we can look at the answer choices and eliminate those who are going overboard.

1. "up and down are universal concepts"
"universal concept" is nowhere in stem

2. "define the world around them"
the stem talks about "physical world" and the answer talks about whole world

3. "own unique belief"
Every society has a belief and the belief is common amongst societies.

4. "recognition of ‘left’ and ‘right’ does not constitute a recognition of spatial arrangement"
Goes against the premises.

5.
Its true and only choice left after eliminating all other choices. It also para phrases the last sentence in the stem...

i think it's B