Reading Comprehension

Please also mention the time you took to solve these questions...Thanks !!



Agricultural progress provided the stimulus necessary to set off
economic expansion in medieval France. As long as those who
worked the land were barely able to ensure their own subsistence
and that of their landlords, all other activities had to be minimal,
but when food surpluses increased, it became possible to release
more people for governmental, commercial, religious and cultural
pursuits.

However, not all the funds from the agricultural surplus were actually
available for commercial investment. Much of the surplus, in the form
of food increases, probably went to raise the subsistence level; an
additional amount, in the form of currency gained from the sale of food,
went into the royal treasury to be used in waging war. Although
Louis VII of France levied a less crushing tax burden on his subjects
than did England’s Henry II, Louis VII did spend great sums on an
unsuccessful crusade, and his vassals—both lay and ecclesiastic—
took over spending where their sovereign stopped. Surplus funds
were claimed both by the Church and by feudal landholders, whereupon
cathedrals and castles mushroomed throughout France.

The simultaneous progress of cathedral building and, for instance,
vineyard expansion in Bordeaux illustrates the very real competition
for available capital between the Church and commercial interests;
the former produced inestimable moral and artistic riches, but the
latter had a stronger immediate impact upon gross national product.
Moreover, though all wars by definition are defensive, the frequent
crossings of armies that lived off the land and impartially burned all
the huts and barns on their path consumed considerable resources.

Since demands on the agricultural surplus would have varied from
year to year, we cannot precisely calculate their impact on the
commercial growth of medieval France. But we must bear that impact
in mind when estimating the assets that were likely to have been
available for investment. No doubt castle and cathedral building was
not totally barren of profit (for the builders, that is), and it produced
intangible dividends of material and moral satisfaction for the
community. Even wars handed back a fragment of what they took,
at least to a few. Still, we cannot place on the same plane a primarily
destructive activity and a constructive one, nor expect the same results
from a new bell tower as from a new water mill. Above all, medieval
France had little room for investment over and above the preservation
of life. Granted that war cost much less than it does today, that the
Church rendered all sorts of educational and recreational services
that were unobtainable elsewhere, and that government was far less
demanding than is the modern state—nevertheless, for medieval
men and women, supporting commercial development required
considerable economic sacrifice.


1. According to the passage, agricultural revenues in excess of the amount needed for subsistence were used by medieval kings to
(A) patronize the arts
(B) sponsor public recreation
(C) wage war
(D) build cathedrals
(E) fund public education
2. According to the passage, which of the following was an important source of revenue in medieval France?
(A) Cheese
(B) Wine
(C) Wool
(D) Olive oil
(E) Veal
3. The passage suggests that which of the following would have reduced the assets immediately available for commercial investment in medieval France?
I. Renovation of a large cathedral
II. A sharp increase in the birth rate
III. An invasion of France by Henry II
(A) III only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
4. It can be inferred from the passage that more people could enter government and the Church in medieval France because
(A) the number of individual landholdings in heavily agricultural areas was beginning to increase
(B) an increase in the volume of international trade had brought an increase in the population of cities
(C) a decrease in warfare had allowed the king to decrease the size of the army
(D) food producers could grow more food than they and their families needed to survive
(E) landlords were prospering and thus were demanding a smaller percentage of tenants’ annual yields
5. The author implies that the reason we cannot expect the same results from a new bell tower as from a new water mill is that
(A) bell towers yield an intangible dividend
(B) bell towers provide material satisfaction
(C) water mills cost more to build than bell towers
(D) water mills divert funds from commerce
(E) water mills might well be destroyed by war
6. The author of the passage most probably bases his central argument on which of the following theoretical assumptions often made by economists?
(A) Different people should be taxed in proportion to the benefit they can expect to receive from public activity.
(B) Perfect competition exists only in the case where no farmer, merchant, or laborer controls a large enough share of the total market to influence market price.
(C) A population wealthy enough to cut back its rate of consumption can funnel the resulting savings into the creation of capital.
(D) A full-employment economy must always, to produce one good, give up producing another good.
(E) There is a universal tendency for population, unless checked by food supply, to increase in a geometric progression.
7. The author suggests that commercial expansion in medieval France “required considerable economic sacrifice” (lines 59-60) primarily for which of the following reasons?
(A) Cathedrals cost more to build and rebuild than did castles.
(B) The numerous wars fought during the period left the royal treasury bankrupt.
(C) Louis VII levied a more crushing tax burden on his subjects than did Henry II.
(D) Although much of the available surplus had been diverted into vineyard expansion, the vineyards had not yet begun to produce.
(E) Although more food was being produced, the subsistence level was not very far above the minimum required to sustain life.
8. The passage implies that which of the following yielded the lowest dividend to medieval men and women relative to its cost?
(A) Warfare
(B) Vineyard expansion
(C) Water mill construction
(D) Castle building
(E) Cathedral building
9. Which of the following statements best expresses the central idea of the passage?
(A) Commercial growth in medieval France may be accurately computed by calculating the number of castles and cathedrals built during the period.
(B) Competition between the Church and the feudal aristocracy for funds created by agricultural surplus demonstrably slowed the economic growth of medieval France.
(C) Despite such burdens as war and capital expansion by landholders, commerce in medieval France expanded steadily as the agricultural surplus increased.
(D) Funds actually available for commerce in medieval France varied with the demands placed on the agricultural surplus.
(E) The simultaneous progress of vineyard expansion and building in medieval France gives evidence of a rapidly expanding economy

It took about 21 mins to answer these questions. It seems this is a LSAT passage. Its not much inline with GMAT passages which are shorter and with less questions.

I am also not sure about the answer choices that I pick but here it goes

1 -c
2-b
3-c
4-e
5-e
6-a
7-e
8-a
9-d

-A

here are the OAs:


1-C
2-B
3-E
4-D
5-A
6-C
7-E
8-A
9-D

Here is what i got

1.C
2.B
3.C
4.E
5.A
6.C
7.E
8.A
9.D

Took me 16 mins

really long one for gmat(20 min), my try

1 - C
2 - B
3 - C
4 - D
5 - A
6 - C
7 - E
8 - E
9 - D