hi guys..in both of the following questions i was able to narrow down d choices to two..but ten choose the wrong answer.
12. Political theorist: The vast majority of countries that have a single political party have corrupt national governments, but some countries with a plurality of parties also have corrupt national governments. What all countries with corrupt national governments have in common, however, is the weakness of local governments.
If all of the political theorist’s statements are true, which one of the following must also be true?
(A) Every country with weak local government has a single political party.
(B) Some countries with local governments have a plurality of political parties.
(C) Some countries with weak local governments do not have corrupt national governments.
(D) The majority of countries with weak local governments have a single political party.
(E) Fewer multiparty countries than single party countries have weak local governments.
9. Every action has consequences and among the consequences of any action are other actions. And knowing whether an action is good requires knowing whether its consequences are good, but we cannot know the future, so good actions are impossible.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Some actions have only other actions as consequences.
(B) We can know that past actions were good.
(C) To know that an action is good requires knowing that refraining from performing it is bad.
(D) Only actions can be the consequences of other actions.
(E) For an action to be good we must be able to know that it is good.
4. Political scientist: The concept of freedom is hopelessly vague. Any definition of freedom will either exclude some acts that intuitively qualify as free or admit some acts that intuitively fall outside the concept. The notion of justice, fairness, and equality are equally indeterminate. This is why political organization should be disavowed as futile.
The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument
(A) generalizes from an unrepresentative sample to every political idea
(B) makes the unsupported claim that the concept of freedom is hopelessly vague
(C) ignores the fact that some people view freedom as indispensable
(D) fails to show any specific link between the vagueness of concepts such as freedom and the rejection of political organization
(E) is mounted by some who has vested interest in the rejection of political organization
OAs=B,E,D repectively
12. Political theorist: The vast majority of countries that have a single political party have corrupt national governments, but some countries with a plurality of parties also have corrupt national governments. What all countries with corrupt national governments have in common, however, is the weakness of local governments.
If all of the political theorist’s statements are true, which one of the following must also be true?
(A) Every country with weak local government has a single political party.
(B) Some countries with local governments have a plurality of political parties.
(C) Some countries with weak local governments do not have corrupt national governments.
(D) The majority of countries with weak local governments have a single political party.
(E) Fewer multiparty countries than single party countries have weak local governments.
9. Every action has consequences and among the consequences of any action are other actions. And knowing whether an action is good requires knowing whether its consequences are good, but we cannot know the future, so good actions are impossible.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Some actions have only other actions as consequences.
(B) We can know that past actions were good.
(C) To know that an action is good requires knowing that refraining from performing it is bad.
(D) Only actions can be the consequences of other actions.
(E) For an action to be good we must be able to know that it is good.
4. Political scientist: The concept of freedom is hopelessly vague. Any definition of freedom will either exclude some acts that intuitively qualify as free or admit some acts that intuitively fall outside the concept. The notion of justice, fairness, and equality are equally indeterminate. This is why political organization should be disavowed as futile.
The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument
(A) generalizes from an unrepresentative sample to every political idea
(B) makes the unsupported claim that the concept of freedom is hopelessly vague
(C) ignores the fact that some people view freedom as indispensable
(D) fails to show any specific link between the vagueness of concepts such as freedom and the rejection of political organization
(E) is mounted by some who has vested interest in the rejection of political organization
OAs=B,E,D repectively
