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Bone Depletion

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by charu_mahajan » Sun Feb 03, 2013 2:46 pm
Bone depletion -- decreases in the thickness, density, and strength of bones -- tends to occur as humans age. The bones of some individuals seem to become thicker, denser, and stronger with regular weight-bearing exercise, such as weight lifting, and with the intake of dietary calcium.

Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?

A. Individuals who eat sufficient calcium run no risk of bone depletion in old age.
B. Individuals who do not undertake weight-bearing exercise have a high risk of experiencing bone depletion late in life.
C. Weight-lifting and intake of dietary calcium are the most effective methods of avoiding bone depletion.
D. A program of regular weight-bearing exercise and intake of dietary calcium allows some individuals to avoid one of the deleterious effects of aging.
E. Only weight-bearing exercise is necessary to build bone thickness, density, and strength.

Source - Kaplan GMAT
Category - Inference
Level - 600 - 700/ Medium (IMO)
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by einste » Mon Feb 04, 2013 12:56 am
D?
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by viveksingh222 » Mon Feb 04, 2013 6:29 am
All Options other than D seem to me extreme.
+1 for D
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by charu_mahajan » Tue Feb 05, 2013 10:57 am
OA: D
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by ceilidh.erickson » Tue Feb 05, 2013 1:14 pm
Inference questions - whether in CR or RC - are really asking you "what MUST be true?" When you're looking for a must-be-true, you can avoid any answer choices that are too extreme, as other posters have mentioned.

A. Individuals who eat sufficient calcium run no risk of bone depletion in old age.
"No risk" is way too extreme - we're only told that "some individuals" experience positive change.

B. Individuals who do not undertake weight-bearing exercise have a high risk of experiencing bone depletion late in life.
We can't claim that they have a "high risk", just that they may have a higher risk than some individuals who do. (Note the qualifiers there)

C. Weight-lifting and intake of dietary calcium are the most effective methods of avoiding bone depletion.
We're just told that it can be effective for some people. We have no information comparing it to other methods, so we know nothing about "most."

D. A program of regular weight-bearing exercise and intake of dietary calcium allows some individuals to avoid one of the deleterious effects of aging.
Note the nicely mitigating language here! It's hard to disprove "some."

E. Only weight-bearing exercise is necessary to build bone thickness, density, and strength.
There may be other necessary factors that weren't mentioned in the argument, so we can't claim it's the "only" one.

The answer is D.
Ceilidh Erickson
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Harvard Graduate School of Education
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by Lifetron » Wed Feb 06, 2013 3:09 am
Jus avoid Extreme words[most etc,.] and consider the Boundary words[some etc,.]

You'll get D !
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