Barking dogs

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hirakeshkumar: Newbie | Next Rank: 10 Posts; Posts: 1; Joined: Fri Apr 11, 2008 10:48 pm

by hirakeshkumar » Thu Apr 24, 2008 9:10 pm

My neighbor's dogs bark and howl every time their owner lets them outside. My CPA told me that dogs tend to bark and howl when they see birds resting in the top branches of their favorite trees. I personally believe they bark and howl because they enjoy disrupting my meditations.

Which of the following can be inferred from the preceding passage?

1. The dogs must be abused by their owners.
2. The dogs' owners do not care how they are viewed by their neighbors.
3. There are many pedestrians who walk by this neighbor's house, and the dogs are starving for attention.
4. The dogs enjoy being outside.
5. The dogs will bark and howl at 3 a.m. if they are outside at that time.

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Source: Beat The GMAT — Critical Reasoning | Thu Apr 24, 2008 9:10 pm

simplyjat: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 423; Joined: Thu Dec 27, 2007 1:29 amFollowed by: 2 members; Location: Hyderabad, India; Thanked: 36 times; GMAT Score:770

by simplyjat » Thu Apr 24, 2008 9:21 pm

IMHO 5.

1. The dogs must be abused by their owners.
Nothing is said about this in the argument

2. The dogs' owners do not care how they are viewed by their neighbors.
Nothing is said about the owners' intentions

3. There are many pedestrians who walk by this neighbor's house, and the dogs are starving for attention.
Nothing is said about dogs' intentions

4. The dogs enjoy being outside.
Nothing is said about the dogs' feelings

5. The dogs will bark and howl at 3 a.m. if they are outside at that time.
The first sentence states that every time they are out, they will bark, and we can assume that time is not relevant here

simplyjat

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Stuart@KaplanGMAT: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 3225; Joined: Tue Jan 08, 2008 2:40 pmFollowed by: 614 members; Location: Toronto; Thanked: 1710 times; GMAT Score:800

Re: Barking dogs

by Stuart@KaplanGMAT » Fri Apr 25, 2008 12:22 pm

hirakeshkumar wrote:My neighbor's dogs bark and howl every time their owner lets them outside. My CPA told me that dogs tend to bark and howl when they see birds resting in the top branches of their favorite trees. I personally believe they bark and howl because they enjoy disrupting my meditations.

Which of the following can be inferred from the preceding passage?

1. The dogs must be abused by their owners.
2. The dogs' owners do not care how they are viewed by their neighbors.
3. There are many pedestrians who walk by this neighbor's house, and the dogs are starving for attention.
4. The dogs enjoy being outside.
5. The dogs will bark and howl at 3 a.m. if they are outside at that time.

The correct answer to an inference question is something that MUST BE TRUE based on one or more of the statements in the stimulus.

If an answer choice "could be true, but you're not sure", then it's NOT the correct answer.

When we read the stimulus for an inference question, we want to focus on the most concrete information, since it's easier to draw a conclusion based on certainty than on speculation.

In the above stimulus, only the first sentence gives us anything concrete with which to work: the neighbour's dogs bark and howl EVERY TIME their owner lets them outside.

Based on that statement, we ALMOST know that (5) MUST be true.

I say "almost", because the actual conditional in the first sentence is "every time their owner lets them outside" and (5) says "if they are outside at that time", without stating how they got outside.

From a formal logic perspective, we can only be certain that we get the result of a conditional statement if every condition is met. So, although (5) is certainly the best of the choices, it's not actually a "MUST be true". For example, it's possible that if the dogs sneak out of the window on their own, they're very quiet.

On the actual GMAT, you shouldn't see anything with even this level of ambiguity. From where did you get this question?

Stuart Kovinsky | Kaplan GMAT Faculty | Toronto

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hema123: Newbie | Next Rank: 10 Posts; Posts: 8; Joined: Thu May 08, 2008 2:17 pm

by hema123 » Fri May 16, 2008 7:29 am

IMO is 2 . Here only 2 relates owner's and neighbors.
1 is extreme.

Stuart, could you please confirm if I am thinking in the right direction here.

Thanks

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hema123: Newbie | Next Rank: 10 Posts; Posts: 8; Joined: Thu May 08, 2008 2:17 pm

by hema123 » Fri May 16, 2008 7:30 am

IMO is 2 . Here only 2 relates owner's and neighbors.
1 is extreme.

Stuart, could you please confirm if I am thinking in the right direction here.

Thanks

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Stuart@KaplanGMAT: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 3225; Joined: Tue Jan 08, 2008 2:40 pmFollowed by: 614 members; Location: Toronto; Thanked: 1710 times; GMAT Score:800

by Stuart@KaplanGMAT » Fri May 16, 2008 8:26 pm

hema123 wrote:IMO is 2 . Here only 2 relates owner's and neighbors.
1 is extreme.

Stuart, could you please confirm if I am thinking in the right direction here.

Thanks

2 is not a "must be true" at all - we have no evidence that the owner does it on purpose or even knows that his neighbours exist.

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kevincanspain: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 613; Joined: Thu Mar 22, 2007 6:17 amFollowed by: 64 members; Location: madrid; Thanked: 171 times; GMAT Score:790

by kevincanspain » Mon May 03, 2010 1:40 am

Stuart Kovinsky wrote:
hirakeshkumar wrote:My neighbor's dogs bark and howl every time their owner lets them outside. My CPA told me that dogs tend to bark and howl when they see birds resting in the top branches of their favorite trees. I personally believe they bark and howl because they enjoy disrupting my meditations.

Which of the following can be inferred from the preceding passage?

1. The dogs must be abused by their owners.
2. The dogs' owners do not care how they are viewed by their neighbors.
3. There are many pedestrians who walk by this neighbor's house, and the dogs are starving for attention.
4. The dogs enjoy being outside.
5. The dogs will bark and howl at 3 a.m. if they are outside at that time.
The correct answer to an inference question is something that MUST BE TRUE based on one or more of the statements in the stimulus.

If an answer choice "could be true, but you're not sure", then it's NOT the correct answer.

When we read the stimulus for an inference question, we want to focus on the most concrete information, since it's easier to draw a conclusion based on certainty than on speculation.

In the above stimulus, only the first sentence gives us anything concrete with which to work: the neighbour's dogs bark and howl EVERY TIME their owner lets them outside.

Based on that statement, we ALMOST know that (5) MUST be true.

I say "almost", because the actual conditional in the first sentence is "every time their owner lets them outside" and (5) says "if they are outside at that time", without stating how they got outside.

From a formal logic perspective, we can only be certain that we get the result of a conditional statement if every condition is met. So, although (5) is certainly the best of the choices, it's not actually a "MUST be true". For example, it's possible that if the dogs sneak out of the window on their own, they're very quiet.

On the actual GMAT, you shouldn't see anything with even this level of ambiguity. From where did you get this question?

I agree that E cannot be justified, for we don't know if the neighbours have ever let the dogs out at 3am

This would be like my saying:

Every time I see Lisa, she is working. Thus, if I ever see Lisa at 3am, she will be working.

(What if you always see her during normal working hours?)

Kevin Armstrong
GMAT Instructor
Gmatclasses
Madrid

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sumanr84: Legendary Member; Posts: 758; Joined: Sat Aug 29, 2009 9:32 pmFollowed by: 2 members; Location: Bangalore,India; Thanked: 67 times

by sumanr84 » Mon May 03, 2010 5:12 am

kevincanspain wrote: I agree that E cannot be justified, for we don't know if the neighbours have ever let the dogs out at 3am

This would be like my saying:

Every time I see Lisa, she is working. Thus, if I ever see Lisa at 3am, she will be working.

(What if you always see her during normal working hours?)

Wow !! Nice example. This strategy can be helpful in solving many alike question. Thanks Kevin..

I am on a break !!

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