Aspects or Elements of Sentence Structure

There are many aspects of sentence structure, such as the use of clauses, the placement of modifiers, and the use of tenses.

Do you need to be on the lookout for them? Some of them I guess.

In any case, that guide you have will discuss what you need to be on the lookout for, and maybe that's what you need to be concerned with more than any list of aspects of sentence structure.

Here is the order of importance in my experience:

Verb Form
Parallelism
Pronoun Agreement
Agreement
Modifier
Comparison
Meaning
Logical prediction