Since 4/40 = 1/10, the volume of wine decreases by 1/10 each time 4 liters are drawn from the 40-liter cask.
To determine the resulting ratio of wine to water, plug in an easy value for the total volume.
Let the original volume of wine = 1000 liters.
Remaining amount of wine after the first drawing = 1000 - .1(1000) = 1000 - 100 = 900.
Remaining amount of wine after the second drawing = 900 - .1(900) = 900 - 90 = 810.
Remaining amount of wine after the third drawing = 810 - .1(810) = 810 - 81 = 729.
Resulting volume of water = 1000-729 = 271.
Wine : water = 729:271.
Wine/total = 729/1000.
Since the actual volume of the cask is 40 liters, the remaining amount of wine after the 3 drawings = (729/1000) * 40 = 29.6 liters.
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