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What is the value of (a-b)^2?

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by Max@Math Revolution » Mon Jul 27, 2020 12:48 am

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[GMAT math practice question]

What is the value of (a-b)^2?

1) b/a < 0.
2) |a| = 4 and |b| = 3.
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Source: — Data Sufficiency |

Re: What is the value of (a-b)^2?

by sahilaro23 » Mon Jul 27, 2020 10:04 pm
Statement 1: b/a <0
Means, either b>0 & a <0, or b<0 & a>0. but values of a and b are not provided. Hence not sufficient.

Statement 2: |a| = 4, means a = +/- 4
and |b| = 3, means b = +/- 3
There can be multiple cases here for the value of (a-b)^2. Hence, not sufficient.

Combine both.
By combining both we get 2 cases,
Case 1. a = -4 and b = 3,
which gives the value of expression as (-4-3)^2 = 49.
Case 2. a = 4, b = -3,
and the value of expression will be (4 - (-3))^2 = 49.
Both cases give same value. Hence sufficient.

Hence, C.
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=>

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Since we have 2 variables (a and b) and 0 equations, C is most likely the answer. So, we should consider conditions 1) & 2) together first. After comparing the number of variables and the number of equations, we can save time by considering conditions 1) & 2) together first.

Conditions 1) & 2) together give us that a = ±4, b = ±3 and ab < 0.
If a = 4 and b = -3, then (4-(-3))^2 = 7^2 = 49.
If a = -4 and b = 3, then (-4-3)^2 = 7^2 = 49.

The answer is unique, yes, so both conditions are sufficient according to Common Mistake Type 2, which states that the number of answers must be only one.

Both conditions 1) & 2) together are sufficient.

Therefore, C is the correct answer.
Answer: C

Normally, in problems which require 2 equations, such as those in which the original conditions include 2 variables, or 3 variables and 1 equation, or 4 variables and 2 equations, each of conditions 1) and 2) provide an additional equation. In these problems, the two key possibilities are that C is the answer (with probability 70%), and E is the answer (with probability 25%). Thus, there is only a 5% chance that A, B, or D is the answer. This occurs in Common Mistake Types 3 and 4. Since C (both conditions together are sufficient) is the most likely answer, we save time by first checking whether conditions 1) and 2) are sufficient, when taken together. Obviously, there may be cases in which the answer is A, B, D, or E, but if conditions 1) and 2) are NOT sufficient when taken together, the answer must be E.
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