Interest rate Confusion (Problem inside)

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I got this question right, but I didn't fully understand one of the concepts that I thought I could use to solve it, but didn't work. Question and my thought process is below:

Question :

If money is invested at r percent interested, compounded annually, the amount of the investment will double in approximately 70/r years. If Pat's parents invested $5,000 dollars in a long-term bond that pays 8 percent interest, compounded annually, what will be the approximate total amount of the investment 18 years later, when Pat is ready for college?

A. 20,000
B. 15,000
C. 12,000
D. 10,000
E. 9,000

My first method... I understand that because it doubles in 70/8 (8.75) years, which is approximately 9 years, we multiply the initial investment of 5,000 by 4 to get the total amount after 18 (9*2) years.

But then I also remembered that the standard interest formula is:

Interest = (Initial Principal)*(interest)*(time).

So I used a second method because this was a practice question. I used the formula above , and got 7,200, then added it to the 5,000 investment to get 12,200 which is clearly the wrong answer because 20,000 was the correct answer I got by the first method.

I understand whatever works to get the question right, but I wanted to brush this with everybody so someone can explain to me what concept am I getting wrong here? Does the formula not apply to this question, and why?

Thank a bunch!
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by pemdas » Tue Jan 31, 2012 6:58 pm
you are confusing something, don't use that formula

instead use

the formula to calculate compound interest as below

M = P( 1 + i )^n

M is the final amount including the principal.

P is the principal amount.

i is the rate of interest per year.

n is the number of years invested.

Applying the Formula

Let's say that we have $5000.00 to invest for 18 years at rate of 8% compound interest.

M = 5000 (1 + 0.08)^18 = $19,980 which is close to answer A 20,000
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by kellogs4toniee » Wed Feb 01, 2012 1:33 pm
When do I use the formula Interest = (principal)*(rate)*(time) then?

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by pemdas » Wed Feb 01, 2012 1:55 pm
this formula is for simple interest rate not compounded, even then you have to add the interest to principal. In case of compounded rate you don't have to use this formula. Compounded means if you increase some amount by certain rate, the next increase should include the previously increased amount

compare, simple rate 10% on two-year call
100*(0.1)*2=20, Interest $20

compounded rate 10% on two-year call
100*[(1+0.1)^2-1]=21, Interest $21

p.s. this is minimum you should know about interest for GMAT. In business college not MBA, but college you would learn about compounding rates and apply the geometric progression for this.
kellogs4toniee wrote:When do I use the formula Interest = (principal)*(rate)*(time) then?
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by kellogs4toniee » Wed Feb 01, 2012 2:20 pm
Thanks Pemdas for the quick and clear response. GOing back to the formula for compounded interest:

M = P( 1 + i )^n

Can you give me an example of a more advanced question that could potentially be in the GMAT that would utilize for example the geometric progressions you mentioned in the end of the quote below?

Much appreciated.
pemdas wrote:this formula is for simple interest rate not compounded, even then you have to add the interest to principal. In case of compounded rate you don't have to use this formula. Compounded means if you increase some amount by certain rate, the next increase should include the previously increased amount

compare, simple rate 10% on two-year call
100*(0.1)*2=20, Interest $20

compounded rate 10% on two-year call
100*[(1+0.1)^2-1]=21, Interest $21

p.s. this is minimum you should know about interest for GMAT. In business college not MBA, but college you would learn about compounding rates and apply the geometric progression for this.
kellogs4toniee wrote:When do I use the formula Interest = (principal)*(rate)*(time) then?

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by pemdas » Wed Feb 01, 2012 2:50 pm
kellogs4toniee wrote:Thanks Pemdas for the quick and clear response. GOing back to the formula for compounded interest:

M = P( 1 + i )^n

Can you give me an example of a more advanced question that could potentially be in the GMAT that would utilize for example the geometric progressions you mentioned in the end of the quote below?

Much appreciated.
stop. You need to know only what is needed to know. Otherwise if you learn concepts not practiced or examined by GMAT this will not benefit your studies. Have you ever happened to study for any professional qualifications? If you did, there's notion of awareness and competence. I can only make you aware of such situations involving geometric progression for compounded rates, not suggest GMAT question, because there will be NONE.

ok, recall geometric sequence and it's formula for the sum

100 110 121 ... 100*r^n, where r=(1+i)

When to apply and why?

When -- If you know that you are running store and your annual stock turnover is $100 (supposedly, I know it's small amount), then you go and figure how much moneys you will need next year if the rate of inflation+rate of your store business interest+some other rates aggregated return 10% annual rate. You must compound your moneys now for the next periods, 2 years from now, 3 years, etc. any successive year will carry increase from the previous year (unlike simple rate).

Why -- You want to know how much moneys you will need in all your life to run safely your store and manage stocks // You will put this data in your inheritance declaration for the store ;) Whoever runs this store will know it.
Ok, 20 years from now you will need 100*(1+0.1)^20. But you wish to calculate quickly all moneys 1-20 years. Apply the sum formula for geometric progression, which I don't put here as this can be studied by you separately.

In modern life this application - Right in the middle of FT MBA reviews, - Data re how much moneys MBAs are expected to earn during their career. You will compound all moneys and find the sum. If you return FT's report to bank for your loan appraisal, do they believe you? NO!!!
They will discount these rates back and reduce the amount of money they will forfeit for the sake of your studies.

gl
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