questionbox wrote: sorry, I have difficulty understanding your words, and I think C and E have the same meaning. Could you further explain it for me ? And since 'employ' and 'use' have the same meaning, don't you think the construction is 'needlessly wordy'?

Let me try to explain:

There are some techniques that are being used for genetically enhancing plants.

Now researchers want to use the same techniques for potatoes,etc...

We need to show this distinction clearly..

In D, "Employing the same techniques to genetically enhance plants" - this means that the techniques are being applied to genetically enhance plants.. but not potatoes,etc..

Same again in E.. "Employing the same techniques for genetically enhancing plants that make them " - again it means that techniques are being applied to genetically enhancing plants.. but not potatoes,etc..

But in C, "Employing the same techniques used to genetically enhance plants" - here researchers are employing the same techniques that are used to genetically enhance plants. Whom are they employing them to? Potatoes, sweet potatoes,etc..

to put in simple terms..Researchers are taking the bunch of techniques that are used for plants and are employing them to potatoes.

Hope this helps!!

Thanks for the explanation .

Yes , I am getting your point .
However , when you say :

Employing the same techniques to genetically enhance plants , Researchers ........
This means researchers are employing the same techniques somewhere else ...
since they are employing it , they are definitely using it . so i really wonder if we need 'used'

In both D and E, that and which incorrectly modifies plants and not techniques .
in this way you can clearly reject D and E .

786 wrote:Thanks for the explanation .

Yes , I am getting your point .
However , when you say :

Employing the same techniques to genetically enhance plants , Researchers ........
This means researchers are employing the same techniques somewhere else ...
since they are employing it , they are definitely using it . so i really wonder if we need 'used'

In both D and E, that and which incorrectly modifies plants and not techniques .
in this way you can clearly reject D and E .

I think you are still confused.. Let me give a simpler example.

stmt1: John used the same material used for making tin.
stmt2: John used the same material for making tin.

stmt1 says that john used the same material that is used to make tin. This is a generalised statement.

but stmt2 states that john made tin. Which is wrong... John just used the same material.

Moreover, stmt2 tells something in particular.. you are showing some material and then saying that John used this material to make tin. This is compeltely different from the intended meaning of the sentence.

Hope this helps!!