The five countries with large emerging economies-those of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and of the Russian Federation-in 2004 made up almost half of the world's population.

A) The five countries with large emerging economies-those of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and of the Russian Federation-in 2004 made
B) In 2004, the five countries with large emerging economies-Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and the Russian Federation-made
C) In 2004 Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and the Russian Federation-the five countries' large emerging economies made
D) The five countries whose large emerging economies in 2004-Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation made
E) The countries with the five large emerging economies of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and the Russian Federation in 2004 made

A) There's a logic problem. The opening phrase followed by the dash creates the expectation that we're then going to get a list of five countries. Instead we get this phrase "those of Brazil, China..." "Those" seems to refer to "economies," making it sound as though the five countries are economies.

B) Looks okay.

C) Again, problematic logic. the five countries' large emerging economies made up almost half the world's population is illogical. The economies don't make up half the world's population.

D) There's no main clause. We get a noun phrase, "The five countries," followed by a long modifier "whose large emerging economies in 2004-Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation made..." (And again, it sounds as though the economies make up the population.)

E) More logic problems. The countries with the five large emerging economies of Brazil... It sounds as though some other countries contain the economies of Brazil, China, etc.

The answer is B

A. Usage of "those of" is wrong and redundant here.
B. This is the perfect replacement. Hence, B is the answer.
C.This statement has logic issue. Economies can't make up population.
D. This also implies that economies have made up the population.
E. This sounds as though some other countries contain the economies of Brazil, China, etc.