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by clammiestqasar » Thu Jun 17, 2010 9:33 pm
15. Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.

(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used
(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this
(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use
(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants emit low-frequency sounds they may use
(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads, low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used

IS there a problem with B?
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by andrey_tsi » Thu Jun 17, 2010 10:30 pm
B - wrong - because "this" refer to "sounds" but there is no sing-plural agreement

Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this

For more explanations see:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/q174-sc1000-t17591.html
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by hardik.jadeja » Thu Jun 17, 2010 10:32 pm
IMO C.

Yes there is a pronoun issue with B. Elephants use "low frequency sounds" (plural) to communicate and "this" at the end of option B doesnt agree with plural noun.

Hope that helps..
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by kvcpk » Fri Jun 18, 2010 1:43 am
IMO C.
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by pradeepkaushal9518 » Fri Jun 18, 2010 2:27 am
yes b is having pronoun issue which is cleared in C by using that.

what is oa and source
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by FightWithGMAT » Fri Jun 18, 2010 8:14 am
clammiestqasar wrote:15. Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.

(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used
(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this
(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use
(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants emit low-frequency sounds they may use
(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads, low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used

IS there a problem with B?
In C,

what "believed" refers to???
It should refer to the subject.....experts please explain this.
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by hardik.jadeja » Fri Jun 18, 2010 9:18 am
FightWithGMAT wrote: In C,

what "believed" refers to???
It should refer to the subject.....experts please explain this.
"believed to originate..." is a modifier modifying the noun "sounds".

As in "sounds originating from a small area on the Elephant's forehead"
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by Erfun_GMATCompass » Mon Jun 21, 2010 2:12 pm
The word "this" is a demonstrative pronoun. It must ALWAYS be followed by a concrete noun. If there's no noun after THIS, you can immediately eliminate the choice.
clammiestqasar wrote:15. Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.

(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used
(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this
(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use
(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants emit low-frequency sounds they may use
(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads, low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used

IS there a problem with B?
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by this_time_i_will » Mon Jun 21, 2010 5:26 pm
I have problem accepting C as the answer. First, how to make sure that the modifier
believed to originate... is modifying sounds and not Elephants. Second, i find that ambiguous.
i think A looks better. anyone?
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by ameetsrv » Tue Jun 22, 2010 6:34 pm
The problem with A is that it sounds as if elephants originate from a small area on their forehead.
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by hilbert » Sun Sep 11, 2011 5:30 pm
Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.

(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used

The starting modifier "Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads" is incorrectly modifying elephants. Elephants are not believed to originate for a small area on their foreheads.

(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this

This answer choice was a bit trickier as it is correct until the last word. "Sounds"=Plural Noun and it is being reference by "this", a singular relative pronoun, in the sentence. It should be replaced by "these". "these (sounds) ...."

(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use

Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that they (the elephants) may use .... This sentence is correct.
Don't confuse yourself if you thought "that" was referring to foreheads. "that" is referring to "sounds", despite the modifier in the middle.

(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants emit low-frequency sounds they may use

The semicolon can only be used if we have to independent clauses. (clause 1);(clause 2). Each clause must be a complete sentence. "Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads" is not a complete clause that can stand on its own. It abruptly ends with the usage of semicolon.

(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads, low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used

When using an -ing verb as an intitial modifier in the sentence, it immedialy refers to the subject of the sentence, which in this choice is "sounds". Can sounds originate from a small area on the sound's forehead?? I don't think so.
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by crick » Sun Sep 11, 2011 6:18 pm
+1 for C.

Crick
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