A) Idiom.
You should say "Such spiders as" instead of "Such spiders like"
B) Subject-verb agreement.
You need "Such spiders build" instead of "Such spiders builds"
C) Awkward and wordy. Subject-verb agreement.
Preferable to say "The argiope spider, like other spiders, builds" instead of "The argiope spider, in the same way as other spiders, build"
D) Correct.
Proper agreement with "spiders build" and "webs are" and proper agreement of "spiders such as"
E) Parallelism. Modifiers.
It is far preferable to say "Like other spiders, the argiope builds" instead of "Like other spiders do, the argiope builds."
Also, it is a bit awkward to say the spider "builds webs as essentially wheel-like" rather than "builds webs that are essentially wheel-like" or "builds essentially wheel-like webs."