Sentence

Although President Theodore Roosevelt claimed that he did not need Secret Service
protection, he later revolted against the congressional action, which denied political entities
the use of the government's best enforcement agents.

Choice A
Although President Theodore Roosevelt claimed that he did not needed Secret Service protection,

Choice C
Although President Theodore Roosevelt had claimed that he did not need Secret Service protection,

Choice A = Simple Past Tense for Verb - Claim
Choice C = Past Perfect Tense for Verb - Claim


We know that Past perfect tense is used only when the other information in the sentence does not clarify the sequencing of related events that occur at different time in the past.

Firstly, the 2 events - President claimed & he revolted are related. Both events occur in the past and at different times. Claimed happened first and revolted happened next. Thus use of past perfect tense for the verb claim may be correct.

However, the word "later" in the non-underlined portion of the sentence, clarifies this sequence of events and hence we do not need to use past perfect tense.

And hence Choice A is correct.