BREAKING: Target Test Prep releases Brand New 2026 On Demand GMAT prep course

Redeem

Probability of 1 of 4 letters reaching right addressed env

Expert replies
by utkalnayak » Fri Jan 23, 2015 6:14 pm
Tanya prepared 4 different letters to be sent to 4 different addresses. For each letter, she prepared an envelope with its complete address. If the 4 letters are to be put into the 4 envelopes at random, what is the probability that only 1 letter will be put into the envelope with its correct address ?
A. 1/24
B. 1/8
C. 1/4
D. 1/3
E. 3/8

With all these letters and envelopes things together I lost my way !!
Join the discussion
Source: — Problem Solving |

by utkalnayak » Fri Jan 23, 2015 6:15 pm
OA : [spoiler]1/3[/spoiler]
Join the discussion

by GMATGuruNY » Fri Jan 23, 2015 6:41 pm
utkalnayak wrote:Tanya prepared 4 different letters to be sent to 4 different addresses. For each letter, she prepared an envelope with its complete address. If the 4 letters are to be put into the 4 envelopes at random, what is the probability that only 1 letter will be put into the envelope with its correct address ?
A. 1/24
B. 1/8
C. 1/4
D. 1/3
E. 3/8
Let the 4 letters be A, B, C and D.
Total ways to arrange the 4 letters = 4! = 24.
Let the correct ordering of the 4 letters be ABCD.

Write out the ways that ONLY A can be put in the correct position:
ACDB
ADBC
Total ways = 2.

Using the same reasoning, there will be 2 ways that ONLY B can be put in the correct position, 2 ways that ONLY C can be put in the correct position, and 2 ways that ONLY D can be put in the correct position.
Thus, the total number of ways to put EXACTLY 1 letter in the correct position = 2+2+2+2 = 8.

Thus:
P(exactly 1 letter is put in the correct position) = 8/24 = 1/3.

The correct answer is D.
Private tutor exclusively for the GMAT and GRE, with over 20 years of experience.
Followed here and elsewhere by over 1900 test-takers.
I have worked with students based in the US, Australia, Taiwan, China, Tajikistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia -- a long list of countries.
My students have been admitted to HBS, CBS, Tuck, Yale, Stern, Fuqua -- a long list of top programs.

As a tutor, I don't simply teach you how I would approach problems.
I unlock the best way for YOU to solve problems.

For more information, please email me (Mitch Hunt) at [email protected].
Student Review #1
Student Review #2
Student Review #3
Join the discussion

by utkalnayak » Fri Jan 23, 2015 6:47 pm
GMATGuruNY wrote: Write out the ways that ONLY A can be put in the correct position:
ACDB
ADBC
Total ways = 2.

Using the same reasoning, there will be 2 ways that ONLY B can be put in the correct position, 2 ways that ONLY C can be put in the correct position, and 2 ways that ONLY D can be put in the correct position.
Thus, the total number of ways to put EXACTLY 1 letter in the correct position = 2+2+2+2 = 8.

Thus:
P(exactly 1 letter is put in the correct position) = 8/24 = 1/3.

The correct answer is D.
In the above case why you think there are only 2 possibilities in each case ?
Should it not be 3! ways ?
Thanks,
Utkal
Join the discussion

by [email protected] » Fri Jan 23, 2015 10:03 pm
Hi utkalnayak,

In this prompt, you have 2 conditions that have to be met:

1) JUST 1 letter is put in the correct envelope
2) The other 3 letters must be put in an INCORRECT envelope.

IF...."A" is properly placed in the "A" envelope, B CANNOT be put in the "B" envelope, C CANNOT be put in the "C" envelope and D cannot be put in the "D" envelope. Those other rules still have to be accounted for.

Mitch's solution correctly accounts for BOTH conditions.

GMAT assassins aren't born, they're made,
Rich
Contact Rich at [email protected]
Image
Join the discussion

by Matt@VeritasPrep » Sun Jan 25, 2015 3:30 pm
utkalnayak wrote:In the above case why you think there are only 2 possibilities in each case ?
Should it not be 3! ways ?
Here's a visual that might help.

Image
Join the discussion