I am posting some questions which i have answered lately
Whenever a major airplane accident occurs, there is a dramatic increase in the number of airplane mishaps reported, a phenomenon that may last for as long as a few months after the accident. Airline officials assert that the publicity given the gruesomeness of major airplane accidents focuses media attention on the airline industry and the increase in the number of reported accidents is caused by an increase in the number of news sources covering airline accident, not by an increase in the number of accidents.
Which of the following, if true, would seriously weaken the assertions of the airline officials?
(A) The publicity surrounding airline accidents is largely limited to the country in which the crash occurred.
(B) Airline accidents tend to occur far more often during certain peak travel months.
(C) News organizations do not have any guidelines to help them decide how severe or how close an accident must be for it to receive coverage.
(D) Airplane accidents receive coverage by news sources only when the news sources find it advantageous to do so.
(E) Studies by government regulations show that the number of airplane flight miles remains relatively constant from month to month.
One Major Airplane accident happens => There is increase in the no of accidents reported.
Airline officials say -> Increase is because major accident focuses media attention on airline industry => So more reports of accidents though there is no increase in the # of accidents.
We are asked weaken the airline official's claim.
That can be done if we get some proof relating to increase in # of accidents.
A - Irrelevant
B - Contender - weakener.
C - Irrelevant
D - Irrelevant
E - Strengthens the arg
Which of the following most logically completes the argument given below?
People in isolated rain-forest communities tend to live on a largely vegetarian diet, and they eat little salt. Few of them suffer from high blood pressure, and their blood pressure does not tend to increase with age, as is common in industrialized countries. Such people often do develop high blood pressure when they move to cities and adopt high-salt diets. Though suggestive, these facts do not establish salt as the culprit in high blood pressure, however, because ..............
(A) genetic factors could account for the lack of increase of blood pressure with age among such people
(B) people eating high-salt diets and living from birth in cities in industrialized societies generally have a tendency to have high blood pressure
(C) it is possible to have a low-salt diet while living in a city in an industrialized country
(D) there are changes in other aspects of diet when such people move to the city
(E) salt is a necessity for human life, and death can occur when the body loses too much salt
Ppl in rain forest communities -> live on veg diet + less salt. Move to city + high salt diets -> High BP.
Conc: We cannot say salt is responsible for high BP because ________ ?
We need proof that something other than salt is responsible.
A - If its genetic factor then ppl who haven't moved should also get it, but its given as BP doesn't increase with age - so ruled out.
B - its given as ppl living from birth and we are speaking about ppl who moved - Irrelevant
C - This gives us how to avoid it and doesn't help us reason out the problem.
D - Seems to be a fine contender. - This may affect.
E - This fact is irrelevant
Type 1a supernovae, caused by the deterioration of matter accreted onto white dwarf stars, explode with a highly predictable brightness. Since the brightness of these explosions fades over distance in a highly predictable way, scientists have long used images measuring the brightness of type 1a supernovae to determine the distance to distant galaxies.
Which of the following discoveries, if true, would most jeopardize scientist's reliance on images of type 1a supernovae as tools for measuring distances to distant galaxies?
A)Models explaining the causes of type 1a supernovae are altered to include an updated understanding of the role played by carbon fusion.
B) Type 2 supernovae are discovered to be even more dramatically variable in their brightness than previous thought.
C) Large clouds of interstellar dust and ionized hydrogen can absorb the light emitted by type 1a supernovae.
D) Some supernovae exhibit very unusual spectral classifications and changes in brightness, and do not fit into the existing categories.
E) A new telescope is able to measure the brightness of several thousand type 1a supernovae with an unprecedented level of precision.
Type 1a supernova - explode with bright light - dist measured with the brightness
What would weaken the scientist's reliance on images to measure dist ?
We need to look for some info that provide reason to say measured distance won't be proper or inaccurate.
A - Irrelevant
B - This might be applicable to type1 as well or all supernovas but no info to support that, irrespective of that it is a contender as of now.
C - This gives reason that if int stellar dust and ionized hydrogen absorb light - decrease brightness and the measured dist will be wrong - Very much better compared to B.
D - This also gives us a reason but it speaks about only some supernovas and no better than C. so we can rule this out.
E - So what, it doesn't say that scientists' measurements and these measurements vary drastically.
The bold parts are prephrased answers
Hope it helps. Try to breakdown the argument into very simple sentences and then go for prephrasing. Without understanding the argument it is difficult to do it. Hope this helps !!
