Square root within a square root

Problem Solving — algebra and arithmetic (GMAT Focus Edition)
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by Brian@VeritasPrep » Thu Sep 09, 2010 9:37 am
Hey mlaboda:

Thanks for posting this - this is one of my favorite problems (I had a student bring it into a class once).

I may let the community work through this one instead of just popping in with the right answer, but a few guiding principles to get started (I'll check in later to make sure it gets answered):

1) Deal with first thing's first. Because this term is squared, you need to get rid of the parentheses by squaring it and listing out the individual terms.

2) To eliminate square roots, you have to multiply, so you need to look for opportunities to multiply a root by another to "square out the root".

3) When multiplying roots, you can combine them under one radical sign (e.g. [sqrt (x)] * [sqrt (y)] = sqrt (xy) ), which helps to streamline the number of roots you're working with.

4) When you see a set up like this one with an x+y and an x-y (this one has 7 +sqrt 48 and 7-sqrt 48) there's a 90%+ chance that you'll be able to use that Difference of Squares algebra rule: (x+y)(x-y) = x^2 - y^2, so that's something you should look for.


With those principles, you should be able to work through this one. I'll let the community work it through (learning by doing is much more powerful than learning by being told how to do) and check in later today to help out as needed.
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by mlaboda » Thu Sep 09, 2010 6:47 pm
Thank you for the pointers. I was able to work this out on paper, but I'm not sure how my work will translate to this forum. I don't have the OA, so please let me know if I worked this problem out correctly.

1. My first step is to ignore the outter radical and foil the numbers. After I combine the terms, I put everything back under the radical that I ignored. On paper I separated the four "foils," so I'll do the same thing here.
2. (Sqrt(7+Sqrt48))(Sqrt(7+Sqrt48)) -> (7+Sqrt48)(7+Sqrt48) = (49+14*Sqrt48+48) = (97+14*Sqrt48) ->
Sqrt(97+14*Sqrt48)
3. (Sqrt(7+Sqrt48))(Sqrt(7-Sqrt48)) -> (7+Sqrt48)(7-Sqrt48) = (49-48) = (1) -> Sqrt(1)
4. (Sqrt(7-Sqrt48))(Sqrt(7+Sqrt48)) -> (7-Sqrt48)(7+Sqrt48) = (49-48) = (1) -> Sqrt(1)
5. (Sqrt(7-Sqrt48))(Sqrt(7-Sqrt48)) -> (7-Sqrt48)(7-Sqrt48) = (49-14*Sqrt48+48) = (97-14*Sqrt48) -> Sqrt(97-14*Sqrt48)
6. Final step is to put the four results under the same radical and combine.
Sqrt(97+14*Sqrt48+1+1+97-14*Sqrt48) = Sqrt(196) = 14

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by Brian@VeritasPrep » Fri Sep 10, 2010 8:58 am
Hey, mlaboda:

Nice work...and pretty close. I apologize for the formatting here - square roots are pretty tough to work through in a linear text form - so it's tough to tell exactly where you were slightly off, but here's how I'd break it down:


1) FOIL, just like you did:

First: Sqrt(7 + sqrt48) * Sqrt (7 + sqrt48) = 7 + sqrt48 (NOTE: squaring this term just removes the outer square root)
Outside: Sqrt[(7 + sqrt 48)(7 - sqrt 48)]
Inside: Sqrt [(7 + sqrt 48)(7 - sqrt 48)] (NOTE: same as the Outside term)
Last: Sqrt (7 - sqrt 48) * (Sqrt (7 - sqrt 48) = 7 - sqrt 48


Result: 7 + sqrt 48 + 2[Sqrt[(7 + sqrt 48)(7 - sqrt 48)] + 7 - sqrt 48


2) Combine like terms to simplify:

Here the 7s add together to 14 and the +sqrt48 and -sqrt 48 subtract to 0, so we have:

14 + 2[Sqrt[(7 + sqrt 48)(7 - sqrt 48)]

Now all that's left to deal with is that ugly square root term, which it looks like you handled pretty nicely in your calculations.

3) Use the Difference of Squares rule to work out the parentheses in the middle term:

When I first saw this problem, I knew that the + / - setup would lead here, so I kept working toward being able to use it. Pretty often when you see the opportunity on the horizon to use this rule it will be extremely helpful, so you should keep it in mind as a 'destination' for your calculations.

[sqrt (7 + sqrt 48)(7-sqrt 48)] = 49 - 48 = 1
(and we have two of these since it was multiplied by 2 for the Outside and Inside terms)

So this ends in 2(1) = 2

4) Add that back to the 14 we had from the first/last terms and the correct answer is 16.
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by mlaboda » Mon Sep 13, 2010 7:20 am
I got it now! Thank you so much for your help!!

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by beatthegmatinsept » Mon Sep 13, 2010 7:46 am
Nice Question. Just solved it and got 14. Hats off to you guys who wrote the explanation here, it gets tough to explain with square roots.
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by fatalityish » Fri Sep 17, 2010 2:12 am
A very Simple Question.
One needs to know 2 basic formulae:-

1. (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2*a*b + b^2
2. (a^2 - b^2) = (a + b) * (a - b).

The answer is 16.