dazzle wrote:Hi All,
I have a very basic question here. I am extremely poor with probability and combinations.
Can any provide a short explanation as to how the total no of combinations is n^n ?
i have seen a few problems " when 3 dice are rolled the total no of combinations are 6^3.
similarly in this case, it is 4^4.
Can someone pls explain why?
is the general rule something like , (possible combinations to be played with)^ (no of times the activity is done)??
ie In the 3 dice case, since each die has 6 combinations and it is rolled 3 times so it should be 6^3
Similarly in this problem since there are 4 nos (hence 4 combinations to be played with) ^ (no of times/ppl) ?
Appreciate any help in this regard.
Thanks
You got it. The idea is to
break down the problem into a series of rolls, one step at a time: Not three dice, but first, second, third roll, and deal with each one separetly.
For each roll, figure out the number of possible outcomes. On a die, these are 1-6, so there are 6 possible options. So each of the rolls (1st, 2nd 3rd) has 6 options. The final outcome is 6*6*6, or 6^3.
Why do we multiply the number of each roll? For one, you can just take it as a given - in a string of events, multiply the numbers at the end.
The logic behind it is this: the first die roll has 6 options: 1-6
For each of these options, there are 6 options for the second roll:
If we rolled 1 on the first die, we have 6 options for the second: 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-5, 1-6
If we rolled a 2 on the first die, again, 6 rolls: 2-1, 2-2, 2-3...etc.
Thus, 6 options for the first die, and 6 options for each of them on the second die come down to 6*6=36 options.
The third die presents another 6 options for each of these 6*6 combinations of the first 2, so again, we multiply times 6 again: 6*6*6=6^3.
Let's say that we want the probability of three different rolls on 6 dice. You already have the bottom of the fraction - the total number of possible combinations: 6^3. How many wanted outcomes?
Here, we again break down to one step at a time, and ask how many options are wanted outcomes for each roll:
For the first die, we don't really care what number comes up, so all 6 options are wanted outcomes.
For the second roll, we want a different number than the first: whatever we rolled on the first, we'd only have 5 options for a different number on the second.
For the third roll, we want a different number from the first two: only 4 remain.
Thus, the total number of wanted outcomes for different results on three dice is 6*5*4.
The total probability of this even will therefore be 6*5*4 / 6*6*6 = 20/36 = 5/9.