1000 SC Q#2

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rajeshvellanki: Junior | Next Rank: 30 Posts; Posts: 26; Joined: Mon Apr 09, 2007 6:20 am; Thanked: 2 times

by rajeshvellanki » Wed Apr 25, 2007 9:23 pm

2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

I thought answer was D but turns out that the answer is A. why?

Source: Beat The GMAT — Sentence Correction | Wed Apr 25, 2007 9:23 pm

jayhawk2001: Community Manager; Posts: 789; Joined: Sun Jan 28, 2007 3:51 pmFollowed by: 1 member; Location: Silicon valley, California; Thanked: 30 times

Re: 1000 SC Q#2

by jayhawk2001 » Wed Apr 25, 2007 9:36 pm

rajeshvellanki wrote:2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

I thought answer was D but turns out that the answer is A. why?

Classic case of past perfect tense. The 1972 agreement did something
to prevent what was happening prior to 1972.

The 2 events here are in the past but to indicate relative time, you have
to use "had + verb" to denote the prior event. Hence A.

D uses "are allowed" which is in the present tense and hence incorrect.

Ashish Garg: Newbie | Next Rank: 10 Posts; Posts: 5; Joined: Mon Oct 30, 2006 4:50 am

by Ashish Garg » Sun Jun 10, 2007 9:38 am

This is an OG question numbered 62. And there they r saying that D is correct?
Can someone please explain??
Actually many ques. in this 1000 SC collection are from OG.

jayhawk2001: Community Manager; Posts: 789; Joined: Sun Jan 28, 2007 3:51 pmFollowed by: 1 member; Location: Silicon valley, California; Thanked: 30 times

by jayhawk2001 » Sun Jun 10, 2007 10:39 am

Yikes, goof up in my earlier post. I had misunderstood what the sentence
was trying to say :-(. Another entry to my error log.

The action of dumping continues into the present and so the best verb to
denote this action is "are allowed".

If the municipalities had been allowed to dump x and then the
agreement reduced it to y, then would "had been" be an appropriate
verb to use?

richardwang6430: Senior | Next Rank: 100 Posts; Posts: 32; Joined: Sat Apr 12, 2008 6:23 pm; Thanked: 1 times

by richardwang6430 » Thu Apr 17, 2008 1:50 am

It depends on the action verb.

sukrant26: Senior | Next Rank: 100 Posts; Posts: 51; Joined: Sun Mar 23, 2008 6:54 pm; Location: San Francisco; Thanked: 2 times

by sukrant26 » Thu Apr 17, 2008 10:49 pm

Sorry, however the reason to use 'are allowed' is still not clear.

'Had been allowed' refers to the amount of phosphates allowed previous to the 1972 agreement. Isnt it? Or 'had been allowed' can be replaced with 'were allowed'.

Why is present tense used in the case?

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by Stuart@KaplanGMAT » Fri Apr 18, 2008 11:40 am

The Act is an ongoing, living document - it doesn't apply retroactively, it's always in effect.

If we were to use the verb "had been allowed", then we'd only be speaking about what they were allowed to do in the past. By using "are allowed", we recognize that the Act continues to govern what people are allowed to do today.

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lokeshg98: Junior | Next Rank: 30 Posts; Posts: 13; Joined: Fri Sep 19, 2008 10:42 pm; Location: MUMBAI

by lokeshg98 » Mon Jul 06, 2009 1:22 pm

Actually the author is pointing at a past agreement which is effective in present as well. so a present tense to indicate that the muncipalities are still allowed to dump...

Mayur Sand: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 166; Joined: Fri Apr 03, 2009 11:16 pm; Location: India

by Mayur Sand » Mon Jul 06, 2009 5:48 pm

so whats the final verdict (A) or (D)

madhur_ahuja: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 435; Joined: Sat May 02, 2009 3:55 am; Thanked: 17 times

by madhur_ahuja » Mon Jul 06, 2009 9:58 pm

Its D

imhimanshu: Senior | Next Rank: 100 Posts; Posts: 87; Joined: Sat Feb 28, 2009 7:01 am; Location: India; Thanked: 2 times

by imhimanshu » Mon Jul 13, 2009 9:39 pm

but i think, we cant infer the information whether the agreement still allows muncipalities to dump...! We need to get the info from the question only which explicitly states that "municipalities had been allowed" . then why we are opting for D. pls explain..and if we have any other examples pls share the same

real2008: Legendary Member; Posts: 527; Joined: Thu May 01, 2008 12:06 am; Thanked: 7 times

Re: 1000 SC Q#2

by real2008 » Tue Jul 14, 2009 12:25 am

rajeshvellanki wrote:2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

I thought answer was D but turns out that the answer is A. why?

I find,

choice A speaks: some amount of phosphate dumping was allowed before 1972 but then one agreement came into force to reduce the amount of phosphate dumping.

Choice D speaks:
One agreement in 1972 came into force and by that very agreement the amount of phosphate dumping was brought down and that still continues.

Choice D appears logical. Otherwise we have to address who allowed dumping before 1972 as choice A speaks about.

Last edited by real2008 on Tue Jul 14, 2009 2:37 am, edited 1 time in total.

turbo jet: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 154; Joined: Mon Jun 08, 2009 10:02 pmFollowed by: 3 members; Thanked: 5 times

by turbo jet » Tue Jul 14, 2009 2:25 am

I agree with jayhawk on why A is correct.

Its a case of perfect past tense.
When there are 2 actions/events in the past, we need to find out the sequence of events.

1st event: will always take past perfect tense (Had+Past Participle) HAD BEEN ALLOWED

2nd event: Will always take simple past form of the verb REDUCED

Life is Tom; I am Jerry

understudy: Newbie | Next Rank: 10 Posts; Posts: 1; Joined: Mon Aug 31, 2009 8:51 pm

by understudy » Sun Sep 06, 2009 11:38 pm

OA is D but this one is REALLY confusing and I just scored a V45 in my GMAT Prep with 100% accuracy in SC.

It makes complete sense to think that the amount of phosphates municipalities HAD BEEN ALLOWED to dump (i.e. before the agreement was in place) was reduced by the agreement. Prior to the agreement, they were allowed to dump X (hence, the HAD BEEN ALLOWED to dump) and after the agreement, they were allowed to dump Y.

anujtripathi2006: Newbie | Next Rank: 10 Posts; Posts: 3; Joined: Tue Nov 17, 2009 10:38 am

by anujtripathi2006 » Wed Nov 25, 2009 2:44 am

In my opinion A is the correct answer.

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