Papgust's GMAT SENTENCE CORRECTION FLASHCARDS directory

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uwhusky: Legendary Member; Posts: 1172; Joined: Wed Apr 28, 2010 6:20 pmFollowed by: 4 members; Thanked: 74 times

by uwhusky » Tue Jun 15, 2010 11:23 pm

papgust wrote:-- IMPORTANT --

Myth of "One of.."

1. One of the X's that/who <plural>
2. One of the X's <singular>
3. Only one of the X's <singular>
4. Only one of the X's that/who <plural>
5. The only one of the X's that/who <singular>

Courtesy: Ron Purewal, GMAT Expert.

]
I am confused on how "that/who" can make the subject plural. Do you have additional information on this topic?

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papgust: Community Manager; Posts: 1537; Joined: Mon Aug 10, 2009 6:10 pmFollowed by: 252 members; Thanked: 653 times

by papgust » Wed Jun 16, 2010 12:09 am

uwhusky wrote:
papgust wrote:-- IMPORTANT --

Myth of "One of.."

1. One of the X's that/who <plural>
2. One of the X's <singular>
3. Only one of the X's <singular>
4. Only one of the X's that/who <plural>
5. The only one of the X's that/who <singular>

Courtesy: Ron Purewal, GMAT Expert.
]
I am confused on how "that/who" can make the subject plural. Do you have additional information on this topic?

Hi uwhusky,

See if this post solves your confusion. I took this piece of information from this post,
https://www.beatthegmat.com/one-of-the-t ... tml#173862

Download GMAT Math and CR questions with Solutions from Instructors and High-scorers:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/download-gma ... 59366.html

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papgust: Community Manager; Posts: 1537; Joined: Mon Aug 10, 2009 6:10 pmFollowed by: 252 members; Thanked: 653 times

by papgust » Wed Jun 16, 2010 12:19 am

uwhusky wrote: Are who and where the same that they can both introduce either essential or non-essential modifiers? Is there a particular rule that is used to determine if the modifier is essential or non-essential?

I'm not sure whether i would be able to answer your first question. But i will try with the second one.

Basically, when Essential modifiers are removed from the sentence, the underlying meaning of the sentence is lost. Whereas, that is not the case with Non-essential modifiers - you don't lose the integrity of the sentence even if the modifiers are removed. So there is no particular rule IMO to determine whether a modifier is essential or not. It depends on the context of the sentence.

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lunarpower: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 3380; Joined: Mon Mar 03, 2008 1:20 amFollowed by: 1535 members; Thanked: 2256 times; GMAT Score:800

by lunarpower » Wed Jun 16, 2010 1:11 am

wow, a whole thread of my own work. this is ... interesting.
i feel like i'm being transported back to high school, when i accidentally walked into a good friend's little sister's bedroom and found that she had cut my pictures out of a school yearbook and lined them up on her dresser. heh.
it's nice to be appreciated.

--

from this post:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/papgust-s-gm ... tml#262043

Are "Even As" and "Even though" interchangeable in this case?

not really.
"even as" insinuates the idea of two ongoing processes. i.e., if you say "even as X, Y", then Y should be something that takes place as X takes place. the underlying idea is that the ongoing occurrence of X would lead most people to assume that Y would NOT happen. i.e., there needs to be some element of contrast between the two processes.
e.g.
even as the bombs exploded around him, thomas continued to walk onward unperturbed.

--

"even though" is a much more general construction, suitable for use in most situations presenting a contrast. many of these uses will contain no parallelism.
e.g.
even though she had never taken any formal writing classes, rebecca was the best writer on the newspaper's entire staff.

you could probably use "even though" in any situation in which you'd use "even as" (but NOT vice versa -- you couldn't use "even as" in the last example, for instance), but then you'd lose the specific emphasis on the simultaneity of the two occurrences.

Ron has been teaching various standardized tests for 20 years.

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Potete chiedere domande a Ron in italiano
On peut poser des questions Ã Ron en franÃ§ais
Voit esittÃ¤Ã¤ kysymyksiÃ¤ Ron:lle myÃ¶s suomeksi

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kvcpk: Legendary Member; Posts: 1893; Joined: Sun May 30, 2010 11:48 pmFollowed by: 7 members; Thanked: 215 times

by kvcpk » Wed Jun 16, 2010 1:20 am

lunarpower wrote: not really.
"even as" insinuates the idea of two ongoing processes.
"even though" is a much more general construction, suitable for use in most situations presenting a contrast. many of these uses will contain no parallelism.

Thanks for your inputs Ron..

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lunarpower: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 3380; Joined: Mon Mar 03, 2008 1:20 amFollowed by: 1535 members; Thanked: 2256 times; GMAT Score:800

by lunarpower » Wed Jun 16, 2010 4:23 am

kvcpk wrote:
lunarpower wrote: not really.
"even as" insinuates the idea of two ongoing processes.
"even though" is a much more general construction, suitable for use in most situations presenting a contrast. many of these uses will contain no parallelism.
Thanks for your inputs Ron..

no problem.
it's cool to see a 7-page thread of my own stuff. heh.

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hardik.jadeja: Legendary Member; Posts: 535; Joined: Fri Jun 08, 2007 2:12 amFollowed by: 5 members; Thanked: 87 times; GMAT Score:730

by hardik.jadeja » Wed Jun 16, 2010 5:10 am

lunarpower wrote:i feel like i'm being transported back to high school, when i accidentally walked into a good friend's little sister's bedroom and found that she had cut my pictures out of a school yearbook and lined them up on her dresser.

So, you had fan following even in your school days...!!!! Nice...

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uwhusky: Legendary Member; Posts: 1172; Joined: Wed Apr 28, 2010 6:20 pmFollowed by: 4 members; Thanked: 74 times

by uwhusky » Wed Jun 16, 2010 7:28 am

papgust wrote:
uwhusky wrote: Are who and where the same that they can both introduce either essential or non-essential modifiers? Is there a particular rule that is used to determine if the modifier is essential or non-essential?
I'm not sure whether i would be able to answer your first question. But i will try with the second one.

Basically, when Essential modifiers are removed from the sentence, the underlying meaning of the sentence is lost. Whereas, that is not the case with Non-essential modifiers - you don't lose the integrity of the sentence even if the modifiers are removed. So there is no particular rule IMO to determine whether a modifier is essential or not. It depends on the context of the sentence.

Sorry that I wasn't quite clear on this one. I meant that because you listed that "Who" is able to introduce either essential or non-essential modifier, is there a rule specific to who that determines which type of modifier is being used?

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lunarpower: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 3380; Joined: Mon Mar 03, 2008 1:20 amFollowed by: 1535 members; Thanked: 2256 times; GMAT Score:800

by lunarpower » Thu Jun 17, 2010 3:26 am

uwhusky wrote:
papgust wrote:
uwhusky wrote: Are who and where the same that they can both introduce either essential or non-essential modifiers? Is there a particular rule that is used to determine if the modifier is essential or non-essential?
I'm not sure whether i would be able to answer your first question. But i will try with the second one.

Basically, when Essential modifiers are removed from the sentence, the underlying meaning of the sentence is lost. Whereas, that is not the case with Non-essential modifiers - you don't lose the integrity of the sentence even if the modifiers are removed. So there is no particular rule IMO to determine whether a modifier is essential or not. It depends on the context of the sentence.
Sorry that I wasn't quite clear on this one. I meant that because you listed that "Who" is able to introduce either essential or non-essential modifier, is there a rule specific to who that determines which type of modifier is being used?

nope. the difference is context-based.
if the modifier in question NARROWS THE MEANING OR SCOPE of the noun that is modified, then you should use an ESSENTIAL modifier (without commas).
if the modifier DOES NOT narrow the meaning/scope, then you should use a NONESSENTIAL modifier (with commas).

for instance, imagine that your ex-girlfriend is a redhead, and that she is on the left side of some picture.

if she is the ONLY redhead in the picture, then you don't need to narrow anything down, so you should use a nonessential modifier:
the redhead, who is standing on the left, is my ex-girlfriend.
notice that this sentence still makes full sense even if the modifier is removed.

if there is at least one other redhead, then you need to narrow things down and thus must use an essential modifier:
the redhead who is standing on the left is my ex-girlfriend.
you can't remove this modifier without destroying the meaning of the sentence (although the remaining words would still be grammatically correct).

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lunarpower: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 3380; Joined: Mon Mar 03, 2008 1:20 amFollowed by: 1535 members; Thanked: 2256 times; GMAT Score:800

by lunarpower » Thu Jun 17, 2010 3:29 am

i should emphasize that i've never seen an official problem requiring a decision as to whether a modifier should be essential or nonessential; that doesn't seem to be something that's tested.

i.e., you should still be able to recognize both types of modifiers, as both will certainly be used; however, being able to decide between the two should be a relatively low priority.

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martin.jonson007: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 226; Joined: Wed Jun 02, 2010 1:46 am; Thanked: 2 times

by martin.jonson007 » Thu Jun 17, 2010 5:02 am

just to remind u that dis is 100th reply...

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papgust: Community Manager; Posts: 1537; Joined: Mon Aug 10, 2009 6:10 pmFollowed by: 252 members; Thanked: 653 times

by papgust » Thu Jun 17, 2010 6:29 am

When you have "NUMBER + UNIT of MEASURE", you should use the terms that are normally reserved for uncountables.

Examples:
"I am less than 6 feet tall".
"Some of the books cost as little as $2".

Courtesy: Ron Purewal, GMAT Expert.

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papgust: Community Manager; Posts: 1537; Joined: Mon Aug 10, 2009 6:10 pmFollowed by: 252 members; Thanked: 653 times

by papgust » Thu Jun 17, 2010 6:36 am

PLACEMENT OF HELPING VERBS:

If you have a parallel structure, then

* If you have an UNMODIFIED second noun, then the helping verb can go BEFORE OR AFTER that noun.
E.g:
"My roommate likes to drink vodka, as my best friend does."
"My roommate likes to drink vodka, as does my best friend."
-- Both are correct (because "best friend" is unmodified). In these cases, you'll normally place the helping verb after the noun (see #85 in OG11 / #89 in OG12), but it's also ok before the noun.

* If you have a MODIFIED second noun, then the helping verb MUST GO BEFORE that noun.
E.g:
"My roommate likes to drink vodka, as does my best friend, who was born and raised in finland." --> Correct
"My roommate likes to drink vodka, as my best friend, who was born and raised in finland, does." --> Incorrect (you can't use a long modifier to separate the noun from the verb)

Courtesy: Ron Purewal, GMAT Expert.

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papgust: Community Manager; Posts: 1537; Joined: Mon Aug 10, 2009 6:10 pmFollowed by: 252 members; Thanked: 653 times

by papgust » Thu Jun 17, 2010 6:37 am

You DON'T say "dated to be..."

You ONLY say "dated at ...."

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papgust: Community Manager; Posts: 1537; Joined: Mon Aug 10, 2009 6:10 pmFollowed by: 252 members; Thanked: 653 times

by papgust » Thu Jun 17, 2010 6:38 am

You CANNOT end a modifier with a preposition.

Examples:
"dioxins that north americans are exposed to" -- INCORRECT.
"dioxins to which north americans are exposed" -- CORRECT.

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