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challenging one...

by hoji » Tue Oct 16, 2012 2:56 am
The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increasing the pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
(A) increasing the pressure
(B) the increasing pressure
(C) increased pressure
(D) the pressure increased
(E) the pressure increasing

OA C

Ron please help me understand one thing:
you said in one of your posts in manhattangmat.com: https://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/par ... t7109.html

that

were not for "the" in answer choice B, then B would be the correct answer.

but then what will be the difference between "increasing preassure" and "increased pressure" in this context?
PS: my doubt is that

"increased" in "increased pressure" is past participle which is used to refer to passive(i think) and it functions as a adjective here

and

"increasing" in "increasing pressure" is present participle which is used to refer to active and it functions as an adjective too here.

But
does not "increased" mean passive in choice C?
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by sanrisenew » Sat Oct 20, 2012 11:37 pm
Lending is the action noun so it needs an action noun after "and" to preserve parallelism. Increased here(in option C) is action noun.
B- The increasing pressure means that pressure is still increasing
A- increasing here is verb( i'm not sure abt this)
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by ihatemaths » Mon Oct 22, 2012 1:17 am
less lending should be paired with increased pressure .
answer should be C
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by lunarpower » Wed Oct 24, 2012 2:47 am
hi,
either "increasing pressure" or "increased pressure" would be fine here.

they have different meanings.
"... would mean increased pressure" would mean that the effect would basically be immediate -- i.e., if xxxx happens, then the pressure will already be increased (basically as soon as that happens).
"... would mean increasing pressure" would mean a more gradual effect -- if xxx happens, then the pressure will increase (= it will be increasing).

either of these meanings would make sense in context; this is why the problem doesn't present you with both alternatives.

in these examples, increased and increasing function as adjectives. active/passive is a concept that applies to verbs, so that's not really a thing here.
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by hoji » Wed Oct 24, 2012 4:51 am
lunarpower wrote:hi,
either "increasing pressure" or "increased pressure" would be fine here.

they have different meanings.
"... would mean increased pressure" would mean that the effect would basically be immediate -- i.e., if xxxx happens, then the pressure will already be increased (basically as soon as that happens).
"... would mean increasing pressure" would mean a more gradual effect -- if xxx happens, then the pressure will increase (= it will be increasing).

either of these meanings would make sense in context; this is why the problem doesn't present you with both alternatives.

in these examples, increased and increasing function as adjectives. active/passive is a concept that applies to verbs, so that's not really a thing here.


Ron How do you know that they are adjectives:
or when will they be adjectives and when verbs?
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by lunarpower » Sat Nov 24, 2012 11:40 am
hoji wrote:
lunarpower wrote:Ron How do you know that they are adjectives:
or when will they be adjectives and when verbs?
you have to figure that out from context.

(-ing forms can't be verbs, so that issue is settled already. however, -ing forms can serve as nouns, as adjectives, or as modifiers, so you'll still have to reason from context.)
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by hoji » Mon Nov 26, 2012 12:11 am
I think i got it
if those(increasing and increased) come as adjectives then tense and other verbal issues don't concern them, then the only difference between them will be meaning based, as you explained above
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by tanviet » Wed Nov 28, 2012 12:54 am
The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increasing the pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
(A) increasing the pressure
(B) the increasing pressure
(C) increased pressure
(D) the pressure increased
(E) the pressure increasing


in this problem, B is wrong because "the" in B make it not parallel with "less lending" which has no "the"

B can be correct if we add "the" before "less lending" or if we omit "the" before "increasing pressure"

"the" make B definite and not parallel with "less lending" which is not definite.

is my thinking correct?
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