Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based
on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift
workers, and have raised production efficiency in
various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered
while raising
Note the SPLIT in the answer choices:
C and E begin with
and; A, B and D do not.
Determine the correct position for
and.
Here, "shift-work equations"
have reduced THREE THINGS:
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers.
AND must be placed before FATIGUE, the last item in the list.
Eliminate A, B and D.
In E,
have reduced and
was lowered are redundant.
Eliminate E.
The correct answer is
C.
OA:
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" have reduced sickness while [they have been] raising production efficiency in various industries.
A handful of conjunctions --
while, although, if, when, before, after -- can serve to introduce a VERBLESS clause.
In a verbless clause, the subject and verb are omitted, but their presence is understood.
The omitted verb is typically a form of
to be.
In the OA, the words in brackets are omitted, but their presence is understood.
The meaning conveyed here is perfectly logical: REDUCING sickness will naturally lead to RAISING production efficiency.
Other examples of a verbless clause:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/conjunction- ... 18203.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/sc-conjuncti ... 75691.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/q17-og13-res ... 63164.html
"Scientists discovered an asteroid hurtling through space."
In the above SC, "discovered" is a past tense verb, implying that the discovery occurred in the past. However, the "hurtling through space" is a timeless event.
In the sentence above,
hurtling through space does not qualify as a timeless event.
A VERBing modifier serves to express CONTEMPORANEOUS action: an action taking place at the SAME TIME as the main verb.
Here, the asteroid was
hurtling at the same time as scientists
discovered it.
It is not known whether the asteroid is
hurtling right now.
An analogy:
Last week Mary saw a man eating a candy bar.
Here, the man was
eating at the same time as Mary
saw him.
It is unlikely that the man is still eating the candy bar right now.
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