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by neerajkumar1_1 » Mon Aug 30, 2010 7:05 am
I feel as such there is no issue with "comma+resulting"... it just depends on context....

The issue with C seems that it creates a run on sentence....

resulting acts like as a noun... and if u actually read the sentence as a whole, u will realize that u will need to fit in a conjunction or a comparison word...

Also always be careful of sentences having "-ing" in them.... according to kaplan... they are mostly wrong... :)
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by paes » Mon Aug 30, 2010 8:46 am
kvcpk wrote:I dont understand why everyone is saying costing cant be a verb.

This link says costing can be a verb.
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/costing

Am I missing something?
kvcpk and Neeraj@

You are not getting the concept here.
costing can be a verb, gerund, or modifier.
Here costing is working as a modifier not a verb.

See
I expanded 5$ more than David 'DID' ---> Here DID is corresponding to expanded(VERB)

but in C
there is no verb to which DID' can correspond.


Hope this will be helpful.
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by hi.itz.mani » Mon Aug 30, 2010 9:22 am
Can one of the enlightened souls let me know why A is wrong .....
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by shweta.kalra » Tue Aug 31, 2010 2:00 am
expert plz have a look at this question. cud'nt get why option A is wrong
thanks
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by BastiG » Tue Aug 31, 2010 3:37 am
I think that A is ambiguous. I don't have time right now, but I try to go tonight further into details.
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by BastiG » Tue Aug 31, 2010 6:41 am
I think you don't really know what is compared after than ___ in 1972.

It could be:
now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than implementation in 1973
now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than costing in 1973

Furthermore as a result is prefered over resulting. But i don't know if resulting is a no go.

If this post has helped you, then give me a thanks. :)


Someone should verify this.
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by kvcpk » Tue Aug 31, 2010 7:48 am
paes wrote:
kvcpk wrote:I dont understand why everyone is saying costing cant be a verb.

This link says costing can be a verb.
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/costing

Am I missing something?
kvcpk and Neeraj@

You are not getting the concept here.
costing can be a verb, gerund, or modifier.
Here costing is working as a modifier not a verb.
Cant see what COSTING is modifying. Can you help me in understanding how its a modifier?
"Once you start working on something,
don't be afraid of failure and don't abandon it.
People who work sincerely are the happiest."
Chanakya quotes (Indian politician, strategist and writer, 350 BC-275BC)
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by BastiG » Tue Aug 31, 2010 8:22 am
kvcpk wrote:
paes wrote:
kvcpk wrote:I dont understand why everyone is saying costing cant be a verb.

This link says costing can be a verb.
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/costing

Am I missing something?
kvcpk and Neeraj@

You are not getting the concept here.
costing can be a verb, gerund, or modifier.
Here costing is working as a modifier not a verb.
Cant see what COSTING is modifying. Can you help me in understanding how its a modifier?

(c)resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than it did

Costing is an present participle. There is no comma before costing, so the red part is an adjectival phrase which modifies the noun immediately preceding it. (the welfare programm) So we don't have a verb that correspondens to "did"

If you like this post, then give me a thanks. =)
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by kvcpk » Tue Aug 31, 2010 9:01 am
BastiG wrote: (c)resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than it did

Costing is an present participle. There is no comma before costing, so the red part is an adjectival phrase which modifies the noun immediately preceding it. (the welfare programm) So we don't have a verb that correspondens to "did"

If you like this post, then give me a thanks. =)
Sorry.. still cant make out.
Is there any rule that the adjectival phrase cant contain a verb?

Even if it is so.. why didnt you put the "than it did" in red?

"At present, common man's monthly expenditure is three times more than what it was"
expenditure here is noun.
was is verb.

Is this sentence wrong?
"Once you start working on something,
don't be afraid of failure and don't abandon it.
People who work sincerely are the happiest."
Chanakya quotes (Indian politician, strategist and writer, 350 BC-275BC)
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by paes » Tue Aug 31, 2010 9:27 am
kvcpk@

revise your concepts about verb, clause, modifier and phrase.

Phrase : a group of verbs missing noun, verb or both
Clause : a group of verbs having noun and verb, both.

Your sentence is incomplete.
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by BastiG » Tue Aug 31, 2010 9:28 am
kvcpk wrote:
BastiG wrote: (c)resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than it did

Costing is an present participle. There is no comma before costing, so the red part is an adjectival phrase which modifies the noun immediately preceding it. (the welfare programm) So we don't have a verb that correspondens to "did"

If you like this post, then give me a thanks. =)
Sorry.. still cant make out.
Is there any rule that the adjectival phrase cant contain a verb?

Even if it is so.. why didnt you put the "than it did" in red?

"At present, common man's monthly expenditure is three times more than what it was"
expenditure here is noun.
was is verb.

Is this sentence wrong?
I don't know how to explain it in a better way. You should ask an expert.
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by kvcpk » Tue Aug 31, 2010 9:37 am
paes wrote:kvcpk@

revise your concepts about verb, clause, modifier and phrase.

Phrase : a group of verbs missing noun, verb or both
Clause : a group of verbs having noun and verb, both.

Your sentence is incomplete.
Hey Paes..

I understand the terms u posted. I missed the .... at the end in my sentence.
At present, common man's monthly expenditure is three times more than what it was.....
I wanted to know how 'was' and 'expenditure' get linked.

Let me write it completely
At present, common man's monthly expenditure is three times more than what it was three years ago.

Can u tell me now.
"Once you start working on something,
don't be afraid of failure and don't abandon it.
People who work sincerely are the happiest."
Chanakya quotes (Indian politician, strategist and writer, 350 BC-275BC)
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by reply2spg » Tue Aug 31, 2010 9:44 am
just simplify the sentence 'the welfare program now costing less to implement than it did' - in this sentence 'it' refers to the program and you need some verb to which 'did' refer, right? Here 'did' is referring to 'costing' and this is not possible since both tenses are different. 'costing' is present participle and 'did' is in simple past tense. If you want that 'did' should refer to some previous noun, then you need simple present tense.

Why simple present tense and not simple past tense - because you are comparing some current action (simple present tense) with the same action in past (did)

D does the same

Hope this will help
kvcpk wrote:
BastiG wrote: (c)resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than it did

Costing is an present participle. There is no comma before costing, so the red part is an adjectival phrase which modifies the noun immediately preceding it. (the welfare programm) So we don't have a verb that correspondens to "did"

If you like this post, then give me a thanks. =)
Sorry.. still cant make out.
Is there any rule that the adjectival phrase cant contain a verb?

Even if it is so.. why didnt you put the "than it did" in red?

"At present, common man's monthly expenditure is three times more than what it was"
expenditure here is noun.
was is verb.

Is this sentence wrong?
Sudhanshu
(have lot of things to learn from all of you)
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by GMATGuruNY » Tue Aug 31, 2010 10:44 am
paes wrote:With adjustments for inflation,the relative cost of welfare benefits has been dropping since 1973, resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than in 1973

(a)resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than
(b)resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement as
(c)resulting in the welfare program now costing about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than it did
(d)and as a result the welfare program now costs about 3 billion real dollars less to implement than it did
(e)and the welfare program now costs about 3 billion real dollars less as a result to implement than

[spoiler]OA later
Please explain C and D.[/spoiler]
In A, B and C, resulting in the welfare program is incorrect. The welfare program was not the result. The result was its costing about 3 billion real dollars less. The correct construction would be resulting in the welfare program's costing about 3 billion real dollars less. (Please note that this construction would be grammatically sound but awkward and unlikely to be in the correct answer choice.) Eliminate A, B and C.

E incorrectly compares 3 billion dollars less to implement to in 1973. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is D.

In C, did cannot stand in for costing because costing is not a verb but a gerund (a verb being used as a noun).
Last edited by GMATGuruNY on Fri Apr 06, 2012 6:25 am, edited 1 time in total.
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by paes » Tue Aug 31, 2010 5:10 pm
ah, again great explanation by Guru.
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