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Is there any simpler trick to solve this question?

Expert replies
Source: — Problem Solving |

by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Mon Jul 15, 2013 6:00 am
[email protected] wrote:0.99999999/1.0001- 0.99999991/1.0003 =

A. 10^-8

B. 3(10^-8)

C. 3(10^-4)

D. 2(10^-4)

E. 10^-4
One approach is to combine the fractions and then use some approximation.

First combine the fractions by finding a common denominator.
(9999.9999)/(10001) - (9999.9991)/(10003)
= (9999.9999)(10003)/(10001)(10003) - (9999.9991)(10001) /(10003)(10001)
= [(10003)(9999.9999) - (10001)(9999.9991)] / (10001)(10003)
= [(10003)(10^4) - (10001)(10^4)] / (10^4)(10^4) ... (approximately)
= [(10003) - (10001)] / (10^4) ... (divided top and bottom by 10^4)
= 2/(10^4)
= 2(10^-4)
= D

Cheers,
Brent
Last edited by Brent@GMATPrepNow on Mon Jul 15, 2013 6:07 am, edited 1 time in total.
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by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Mon Jul 15, 2013 6:07 am
[email protected] wrote:0.99999999/1.0001- 0.99999991/1.0003 =

A. 10^-8

B. 3(10^-8)

C. 3(10^-4)

D. 2(10^-4)

E. 10^-4
Another approach is to recognize that both 9999.9999 and 9999.9991 can be rewritten as differences of squares.

First, 0.99999999 = 1 - 0.00000001
= (1 - 0.0001)(1 + 0.0001)

Similarly, 9999.9991 = 1 - 0.00000009
= (1 - 0.0003)(1 + 0.0003)

Original question: 0.99999999/1.0001 - 0.99999991/1.0003
= (1 - 0.0001)(1 + 0.0001)/(1.0001) - (1 - 0.0003)(1 + 0.0003)/(1.0003)
= (1 - 0.0001)(1.0001)/(1.0001) - (1 - 0.0003)(1.0003)/(1.0003)
= (1 - 0.0001) - (1 - 0.0003)
= 1 - 0.0001 - 1 + 0.0003
= 0.0002
= 2 x 10^(-4) = D

Cheers,
Brent
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by GMATGuruNY » Mon Jul 15, 2013 7:12 am
0.99999999/1.0001 - .99999991/1.0003 =

10^-8

3(10^-8)

3(10^-4)

2(10^-4)

10^-4
(x+y)(x-y) = x² - y².
In the identity above, x+y and x-y are called CONJUGATES.

It is possible to rephrase decimals as follows:
1.01 = 1 + .01.
.99 = 1 - .01.

Notice that (1 + .01) and (1 - .01) are CONJUGATES:
= (1 + .01)(1 - .01)
= 1² - (.01)²
= 1 - .0001
= .9999.
Notice also that the product of these conjugates (.9999) is ALMOST IDENTICAL to one of the numerators in the problem above (.99999999).

The two DENOMINATORS in the problem above can be rephrased as follows:
1.0001 = 1 + .0001
1.0003 = 1 + .0003.

In order for these two denominators to CANCEL OUT, the two NUMERATORS are almost certainly composed of the following sets of CONJUGATES:
(1 + .0001)(1 - .0001)
(1 + .0003)(1 - .0003).

Thus:
0.99999999/1.0001 - .99999991/1.0003

= [(1 + .0001)(1 - .0001) / (1 + .0001)] - [(1 + .0003)(1 - .0003) / (1 + .0003)]

= (1 - .0001) - (1 - .0003)

= .0002

= 2 * 10^(-4).

The correct answer is D.
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by Matt@VeritasPrep » Mon Jul 15, 2013 9:09 am
While the answers above are more mathematically sophisticated, the poster wanted a simple method, so in that spirit ...

Start by finding a common denominator, as mentioned above:

.99999999(1.0003) - .99999991(1.0001)
-------------------------------------
________(1.0003)(1.0001)


Then notice that in the numerator, you have a number ending with 7 minus a number ending in 1, so whatever the numerator is, it ends in a 6.

In the denominator, you have a number ending in 3.

6/3 = 2, so the answer ends in 2, and only D works.

Not a foolproof method, by any means, but hey!
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by satish_iitg » Fri Jul 19, 2013 8:15 am
[email protected] wrote:0.99999999/1.0001- 0.99999991/1.0003

approximating - 0.99999999 and 0.99999991 to 0.99

I get

0.99/(1.0001) - (0.99/1.0003)

= 0.99 [1.0003 - 1.0001]/ (1.0001*1.0003)
= 0.99*2*10^-4/(approx 1).
Ans = 2*10^-4

Is this approach the right way to go ?
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