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[x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x. What is

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by Max@Math Revolution » Mon Dec 10, 2018 12:22 am

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[Math Revolution GMAT math practice question]

[x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x. What is the value of x?

1) [x] = 2
2) x is an integer
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Source: — Data Sufficiency |

Max@Math Revolution wrote:[Math Revolution GMAT math practice question]

[x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x. What is the value of x?

1) [x] = 2
2) x is an integer
$$? = x$$

$$\left( 1 \right)\,\,\,\left[ x \right] = 2\,\,\,\,\, \Leftrightarrow \,\,\,\,2 \le x < 3\,\,\,\,\left\{ \matrix{
\,{\rm{Take}}\,\,x = 2\,\,\,\, \Rightarrow \,\,\,\,? = 2\,\, \hfill \cr
\,{\rm{Take}}\,\,x = 2.5\,\,\,\, \Rightarrow \,\,\,\,\,? = 2.5\,\, \hfill \cr} \right.$$

$$\left( 2 \right)\,\,\left\{ \matrix{
\,\left( {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} } \right){\rm{Take}}\,\,x = 2\,\,\,\, \Rightarrow \,\,\,\,? = 2\,\, \hfill \cr
\,{\rm{Take}}\,\,x = 0\,\,\, \Rightarrow \,\,\,\,? = 0\, \hfill \cr} \right.$$

$$\left( {1 + 2} \right)\,\,\,\,\,\left\{ \matrix{
\,2 \le x < 3 \hfill \cr
\,x\,\,{\mathop{\rm int}} \, \hfill \cr} \right.\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \Rightarrow \,\,\,\,\,\,? = 2\,\,\,\,\, \Rightarrow \,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm{SUFF}}.$$


This solution follows the notations and rationale taught in the GMATH method.

Regards,
Fabio.
Fabio Skilnik :: GMATH method creator ( Math for the GMAT)
English-speakers :: https://www.gmath.net
Portuguese-speakers :: https://www.gmath.com.br
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by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Mon Dec 10, 2018 6:36 am
Brent Hanneson - Creator of GMATPrepNow.com
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by Max@Math Revolution » Wed Dec 12, 2018 1:16 am
=>

Forget conventional ways of solving math questions. For DS problems, the VA (Variable Approach) method is the quickest and easiest way to find the answer without actually solving the problem. Remember that equal numbers of variables and independent equations ensure a solution.

[x] is analyzed as follows.
If n ≤ x < n + 1 for some integer n, then [x] = n.

Since we have 1 variable (x) and 0 equations, D is most likely to be the answer. So, we should consider each condition on its own first.

Condition 1)
[x] = 2
=> 2 ≤ x < 3
Thus, condition 1) is not sufficient, since it does not yield a unique solution.

Condition 2)
Since there are a lot of integers, condition 2) does not yield a unique solution. This condition is not sufficient.

Conditions 1) & 2)
x = 2 is the unique integer such that 2 ≤ x < 3.
Thus, both conditions together are sufficient.

Therefore, C is the answer.
Answer: C

If the original condition includes "1 variable", or "2 variables and 1 equation", or "3 variables and 2 equations" etc., one more equation is required to answer the question. If each of conditions 1) and 2) provide an additional equation, there is a 59% chance that D is the answer, a 38% chance that A or B is the answer, and a 3% chance that the answer is C or E. Thus, answer D (conditions 1) and 2), when applied separately, are sufficient to answer the question) is most likely, but there may be cases where the answer is A,B,C or E.
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