Sentence Correction

First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the Phillippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has simmering metallic colors on its head; a brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye

(A) found in the Phillippines and that resembles

(B) found in the Phillippines and that, resembling

(C) found in the Phillippines and resembling

(D) that is found in the Phillippines and it resembles

(E) that is found in the Phillippines and that, resembling

Although, this question has been almost analyzed everywhere but i need an expert with detailed explanation to clarify the Participle Parallelism and analysis for each choice, so I will be able to tackle further similar questions. Thanks in advance.

I presume OA is C.

The two activities, found in past, and still continue to reasemble, requires found and resembling for parallelism. So A and D are out.

In B and C, the that clause doesn't have a suitable antecedent and so they are wrong.

A football team, tired after four hours of play and wanting to reach home quickly, took a shortcut.

tired (past participle) and wanting (present participle) both are acting as adjectives and thus parallel.

An adjective whether its past participle or present participle can be parallel to any type of adjective but not parallel to a verb or adverb.

If m correct in your question, a four-and-a-half-inch animal.... is a modifier and found and resembling are acting as adjectives (in the same way as tired and wanting are in my example) and thus parallel to each other.

Since its a Gmat prep question i'm sure soon some expert put his comment..

Good question raised by cracktheverbal, watching this topic.
And also, thanks Atul for giving such good example(In fact, I first came to know about participle parallelism when I faced the question cited in your example )
I want to add few points here,
I noticed past participle and present participle can be parallel.
And in this case, we don't have any tense issue.

Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the Phillippines and that resembles a hummingbird,
the clause in between COMMAs itself is a modifier.
And we can have modifier inside a modifier.

Now,
1. found in the Phillippines and
2. resembling a hummingbird - they are parallel and modifying a four-and-a-half-inch animal.

@tetura84

Thanks for the appreciation, m glad my post helped.

just wanna add on something

the main subject is Lina's sunbird and the main verb is has simmering

some experts call the clause between COMMA as COMMA HUG...this COMMA HUG never contains the main verb.

Secondly, You made a good point...

we can have modifier inside a modifier.

yes we have this in our question

FOUND and RESEMBLING are acting as an Adjective for NOUN a four-and-a-half-inch animal.

Thanks Tetura and must say that breaking such good questions in pieces boost confidence and gives a lot of learning.

Yes i go with C too. i agree to you in reasoning.

Lina's sunbird, X animal found in Y and that resembles Z, has....

COMMA + VERB-ING:

"COMMA + VERB-ING" modifies the entire preceding clause and retains the subject of the preceding clause.
Look at the option B and E.
B does not have CLAUSE -a subject and a finite verb-before COMMA.
E "animal that is found and that, resembling" has two problems:
---And that is not required.
---"and that" does not have main verb.

D is not correct because "COMMA + AND " is needed to join two clauses with FANBOYS.

A is not correct for two reasons:

---"Found in and resembled" could be correct, and we don't need to say "found in and that resembles"
---Resembles has been used as a verb; however, it should be used as a participle.

Answer is C

force5 wrote:Yes i go with C too. i agree to you in reasoning.

Very informative post , great going ... IMO C too .

Can an expert Ron, Guruny, Tim or...Come and help me by this issue in depth enable me crack these such questions later on? Thanks in advance.