Good problem, and tricky- not one I've seen before.
1) If a_1 is 24, we have no way to know how many terms are less than 10. If k is positive, none of the terms will be less than 10, but if k is -1000, all of the terms besides a_1 will be less than 10. Insufficient.
2) If a_8 is 10, and k is positive, all of the terms after a_8 will be greater than 10, and all the terms before a_8 will be less than 10. So we would have 7 terms which are smaller than 10 (a_1 through a_7). If k is negative, the reverse will be true: all the terms after a_8 will be less than 10, and all the terms before a_8 will be greater than 10. Again, 7 terms are smaller than 10 (a_9 through a_15). So sufficient.
B.
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