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Fullerenes

Expert replies
by fangtray » Sun Apr 08, 2012 2:53 am
Although fullerenes - spherical molecules made entirely of carbon - were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungie. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

a. confirming that the shungie genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation
b. some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft
c. the mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed
d. the naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
e. shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

C and E seem to strengthen the argument. A and B seem to have no relevance. and So i chose D, which turns out to be right, but i have no idea what it means. Can someone tell me why it is correct?
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Source: — Critical Reasoning |

by Bill@VeritasPrep » Sun Apr 08, 2012 7:14 am
As you said, you can toss A and B pretty much immediately.

C kind of repeats what we already know. The stimulus tells us that fullerenes are made of carbon, and that fullerenes are found in shungite.

E how shungite is formed doesn't necessarily affect the argument

D, however, works pretty well. The argument is as follows.

Premise 1. Fullerenes require distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Premise 2. Fullerenes are found in shungite in the earth's curst
Conclusion. Since we understand the conditions required to form them, these shungite fullerenes can be used to evaluate hypotheses about the earth's crust

D says that the natural fullerenes have a different crystalline structure. This leaves the possibility open that they were formed by different conditions than the lab fullerenes. If this is true, then you can't really draw a comparison that would allow you to test the hypotheses.
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