Sentence Correction

Experts, Could you please let me know how do you attack such questions on Present and Past Participle.

The increased popularity and availability of televisions has led to the decline of regional dialects, language variations which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated by geographic isolation.

(A) which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(B) that originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(C) originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(D) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(E) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuating

The question has been taken from the forum itself. However, I was not able to get the strategy to attack participle questions. I usually get confused whether to use present or past participle.

Somewhere, I read that Present participle is used to modify the noun when doing the action, and past participle is used when modifying noun is receiving the action. Am I correct with the reasoning, if yes, could you please give me a gist of how to apply the same. I just want to map my strategy with the expert's one.

I know I am demanding much, however, this will help me in getting my basics right. Hope you don't mind.

Thanks